血液在低压差下作管形定常层流流动其表观粘度与红细胞可逆性聚集的关系

目的　探讨血瘀症的流变学机理。方法　自制流变仪 ,在压差、管径、流态等方面接近人体静脉血流的仿生条件下 ,观察红细胞可逆性聚集与低压差粘度的关系。并与旋转式粘度计测量的结果相比较。结果　在管形定常层流流动中 ,当 τW<7.67× 1 0 -5N/cm2时 ,无论是红细胞本身硬化 ,还是血浆中缺乏使红细胞发生生理性聚集的有效成分 ,只要红细胞丧失了正常的聚集功能 ,低压差粘度均明显高于正常。此与旋转式粘度计测量的低切粘度相反。说明低压差粘度与低切粘度之间无正相关性。结论　流态不同 (片形、管形 ) ,血液的流变特性不同。在管形定常层流流动中 ,红细胞丧失了正常的聚集功能是低压差粘度增高的主要原因。它使静脉血回流阻力增大 ,微循环流出不畅 ,进而造成血液淤滞     

杭州湾跨海大桥混凝土结构耐久性原位监测预警系统

为了确保杭州湾跨海大桥混凝土结构达到百年设计使用寿命,评价混凝土结构耐久性状况的动态发展,通过对预埋式钢筋腐蚀无损监测传感系统的国际合作研究,确定了基于电化学原理和辅助光纤技术的耐久性监测技术思路,制定了该工程耐久性动态预报监测平台的构架技术方案,捕获了结构各部位腐蚀预警的个性化判据,优化了全桥测点的布置,集成、改良并安装了控制关键部位的全套系统(共计48套监测单元)。工程实测结果表明:测试数据稳定,并且与实验室研究数据吻合。     

机械产品模糊可重构设计原理与方法

为了解决可重构设计理论和方法存在的局限性问题,实现快速设计新产品,在分析设计需求的模糊性、设计域关系的模糊性和设计过程的模糊性基础上,将模糊集理论引入可重构设计中,提出了机械产品模糊可重构设计原理与方法.以350 km/h高速列车转向架总体设计为例,运用质量屋工具构建转向架模糊矩阵,求解出目标参数及其重要度,给出了转向架主要性能参数的隶属度函数,并采用距离贴近度模糊相似度识别.研究结果表明: 300 km/h高速列车转向架的距离贴近度为0.91,与设计目标最相似,进一步通过参数竞争性分析确定出修改设计方向,快速实现了转向架的资源重用和设计创新.      

基于城市主干路交通流数据的跟驰模型标定

根据某种机理建立的交通流模型需要通过模型标定和验证后才能具体应用到实际中.通过采用视频处理技术,对陕西省西安市二环主干路和浙江省舟山市昌洲大道上上下高峰时期内的车辆微观运动录像进行技术处理,提取得到了包括位移、速度和加速度的车辆微观运动轨迹数据.根据这些交通流数据,采用Levnberg-Marquardt算法,分别对跟驰理论中2个典型的跟驰模型,即惯性模型中的敏感系数、安全时间间隔、最小安全车间距、允许速度和智能驾驶人模型中的理想速度、安全时间间隔、静止安全距离、启步加速度和舒适加速度进行了标定和验证.针对惯性模型,当允许速度大于实际速度时,位移均方差和速度均方差的平均值分别为2.8m和0.58 m/s,当允许速度小于实际速度时,位移均方差和速度均方差的平均值分别为2.22m和0.49 m/s;针对智能驾驶人模型,利用早、中、晚3组数据进行标定,得到的位移均方差和速度均方差的平均值分别为0.12m和0.10 m/s,0.07m和0.10 m/s,0.75m和0.27 m/s.因此,惯性模型与智能驾驶人模型都可用于描述城市主干路近饱和状态(即跟随车辆的最大速度远小于允许速度的行驶状态)下的车辆跟驰行为,而且当智能驾驶人模型中的加速度指数取较大的值时,它较前者更为适合.      

Formation of nanometer coherent structures during spinodal decomposition and ordering coexistence phase transformation in Fe-24Al alloys

The nanometer coherent structure evolution of spinodal decomposition and ordering coexistence phase transformation in Fe-24Al alloys is investigated by the microscopic phase field kinetic model. The results show that the concentration and long-range order parameters all continuously change towards to their equilibrium values during phase transformation. With the increase of elastic interaction energy, the anisotropy along [01] or [10] elastic soft direction is more obvious and the time reaching equilibrium state is also shortened. According to the results, the formation of nanometer coherent structures during phase transformation is composed of the initial decreasing stage of order degree stage, the incubation stage, the continuous increasing stage of concentration order parameter and long-range order parameter, and the later stable stage. The spinodal decomposition and ordering is interaction; the initial ordering stage is a necessary condition of the coexistence phase transformation. The nanometer coherent structures are not found to grow during the whole phase transformation. The simulation results are in accordance with the results in experiment obtained by the aging treatment in Fe-24Al alloys.     

围岩蠕变对运营隧道衬砌裂缝发育的影响研究

二次衬砌混凝土开裂是公路隧道运营期间较易遇到的问题。针对此问题,以江西某高速公路软弱破碎砂岩隧道为例,利用FLAC3D软件建立基于Cvisc蠕变模型的公路隧道三维模型,分析了围岩蠕变10年内衬砌内力的变化程度,并结合现场衬砌裂缝规律的统计结果进行了力学分析。结果表明:随着围岩蠕变时间的延长,衬砌拱脚及拱肩位置处剪应力呈线性增长;衬砌拱脚处的偏应力增量最大,其次为拱腰;围岩蠕变10年后,衬砌的最大剪应力、偏应力增量分别为2.11,1.3 MPa,达到了衬砌混凝土的容许应力;剪应力和偏应力的增长促进了衬砌裂缝的发育。     

Experimental study on mechanical properties of weathered rock covered by loess

Based on dynamic triaxial test, the mechanical properties of the weathered rock covered by loess were studied. The cohesion value of weathered mudstone is far below that of the weathered sandstone, while the internal friction angle values are basically equivalent, about 30°. Compared with the undisturbed sample, the cohesion value of remodeling weathered rock sample decreases significantly. With the increase of moisture content, the strength of weathered mudstone is obviously decreased due to the influence of the water softening effect. This results illustrate that the bearing stratum is not easily affected by external disturbance in comparison to weathered mudstone. In the engineering, in order to ensure the good mechanical properties of the soil, more attention should be paid to keeping the water content constant, even to reducing the water content. The experiments show that the relations between shear stress and strain of weathered rock were nonlinear and the behavior of weathered rock can be expressed by the hyperbolic model. The initial modulus of undisturbed weathered rock, under the same consolidation conditions, is much greater than that of remodeling samples. Meanwhile, the initial dynamic elastic modulus of sandstone is also greater than that of the mudstone. The dynamic shear modulus ratios of the undisturbed sandstone, the undisturbed mudstone, as well as the remodeling mudstone have the normalization characteristics with the increase of dynamic shear strain. The damping ratio of mudstone is larger than that of the sandstone, and the damping ratio of remolding sample is also greater than that of the undisturbed mudstone. The mudstone has the bad mechanical properties as bearing stratum.     

课程改革引领下的汽车专业实训基地建设探讨

<正>实训基地建设是职业院校基础能力建设的重要组成部分,是职业院校培养技术技能型专门人才的必备条件。以课改思想来指导实训基地建设,以"七个合一"课改理念来组织实训基地建设,必将推动职业院校又好又快发展,为地方经济发展提供高素质劳动者和优秀专业人才。2005年江苏省教育厅制定出台了《江苏省职业教育课程改革行动计划》,标志着新一轮江苏职业教育课程改革工     

吊舱式电力推进船舶螺旋桨匹配设计仿真研究

在国内,吊舱推进器的设计还处于理论起步阶段,尤其是吊舱推进器螺旋桨,其设计方法尚未成熟,而螺旋桨的设计对于整个推进系统推进性能的影响又尤为关键,关系到船—机—桨匹配的综合推进性能。为此,采用常规螺旋桨敞水特性图谱等效设计POD螺旋桨参数的方法对吊舱推进器螺旋桨进行设计,分析吊舱式推进船舶船—机—桨的匹配性能。为了提高设计效率及优化推进系统的推进性能,针对吊舱式电力推进船舶,采用常规螺旋桨等效设计方法设计POD螺旋桨参数,同时基于LabVIEW图形化编程语言开发船—机—桨匹配数值分析软件以对设计参数进行静态匹配计算,并与母船的推进效率进行对比,选取最优化的螺旋桨参数作为POD螺旋桨参数,以优化推进效率。研究结果表明：采用常规螺旋桨等效设计方法设计POD螺旋桨参数的方案,同时结合开发的船—机—桨匹配数值仿真分析平台,可以方便、快捷地对吊舱式推进船舶进行船—机—桨匹配分析计算比较,提高推进性能。