狭水道船舶安全通航控制

国际海洋运输是国际贸易中最主要的运输方式,占国际贸易总运量中的三分之二以上,我国绝大部分进出口货物,都是通过海洋运输方式运输的。而狭水道是在船舶海洋运输中经常经过的特殊航行区域,在其中航行易受风、流、浅水效应等众多不利且复杂因素的影响,船舶操纵极其困难,时而有碰撞事故发生。为确保船舶在狭水道中的安全通航,文中阐述狭水道的概念,分析狭水道的各种环境条件和航行特点,客观制定了保障船舶在狭水道中安全航行的措施。     

Comparison on hydraulic characteristics between orifice plate and plug

Orifice plate energy dissipater as well as plug energy dissipater, as a kind of effective energy dissipater with characteristics of simple structure, convenient construction and high energy dissipation ratio, has become welcomed more and more by hydraulics researchers. The two kinds of energy dissipaters with sudden reduction and sudden enlargement forms are similar in energy dissipation mechanism, but there are differences in energy dissipation characteristics and cavitation characteristics. In the present paper, the differences between orifice plate and plug in energy loss coefficient, relating to their energy dissipation ratio, in the backflow region length, relating to their energy loss coefficient, and in the lowest wall pressure coefficient, relating to their cavitations risk, were analyzed by numerical simulations and physical experiment, and their features in above three aspects were also revealed. The results of research in the present paper demonstrate that the backflow region length of orifice plate is longer than that of plug at the same contraction ratio, the lowest wall pressure coefficient of plug is smaller than that of orifice plate at the same contraction ratio, and the energy loss coefficient of orifice plate is bigger than that of plug, which illustrates that plug is superior to orifice plate in resistance cavitation damage at the same contraction ratio.     

圆形桥墩紊流范围数值研究

合理布置桥区航道对于船舶在桥区的安全航行非常重要.桥墩的紊流范围是布置桥区航道时要考虑的一个重要指标.文中分析了顺直航道圆形桥墩紊流范围的相关主控因素.通过设置主控因素的序列数据,数值模拟计算并经回归分析,得出了顺直航道圆形桥墩最大紊流范围的经验表达式.研究结果表明,桥墩最大紊流范围与水面流速和桥墩直径密切相关,且流速和桥墩直径越大,桥墩紊流最大范围也越大.     

我国高校航海本科专业师资现状及发展对策

为提升我国高校航海专业师资水平,通过调查我国航海院校航海专业师资现状,提出改善我国高校航海专业师资现状的措施。研究结果表明,要提高航海专业师资素质,不但国家层面要加强统一协调,同时各航海院校在航海专业师资培养、人才引进及考核晋升方面应采取相关政策倾斜。     

一种基于测深仪的新型海底电缆保护系统设计

通航水域船舶密度和海底电缆的同步增加,一旦船舶抛锚或走锚造成电缆管线损坏,后果十分严重.针对此问题设计一种依靠主动声波信号实现的海底电缆保护系统,在危险区域由船用测深仪探头激活保护装置,经过信号放大处理后在相同频率上发射响应信号,充当目标回波被测深仪显示出来,同时发出声光报警,促使驾驶员进行规避操纵,研究表明该保护系统可以解决困扰业界的海底电缆保护难度大的问题,具有一定的实用性和可行性.     

桥区安全通航控制技术研究

由于经济的发展,我国的桥梁会越来越多。从减少桥区交通事故的角度,文中提出了控制桥区通航安全的具体措施,即为了保证桥区通航安全,应科学设计桥区航道、加强桥区通航论证、强化桥区安全管理,将桥区通航事故可能性降低到最低程度,做到防患于未然。     

海运角度看“海上丝绸之路”上的舟山港

文中分析了舟山港在“海上丝绸之路”建设中的区位优势,论证了舟山港在“海上丝绸之路”建设中作为“驿站”功能的可行性,进而探讨了舟山港未来发展战略。     

中国沿海无动力船舶避台方法研究

文中研究了中国沿海台风行动路径规律,并在此基础上提出了无动力船舶在码头和在锚地的避台方法,以期减少台风灾害对船舶的影响。     

嘉兴内河集装箱标准化船型比选研究

船型标准化,有利于发挥水运基础设施的作用,有利于提高船舶技术水平,保障船舶航行安全。文中研究了嘉兴水域航道现状、码头现状、航运经济现状,对嘉兴内河集装箱船型标准化问题进行了研究。研究结果表明,将36TEU作为嘉兴港区标准船型,也比较符合嘉兴船舶工业和经济发展现状,具有客观可行性。