HAP(石屑)封层在市政道路沥青路面的应用

在沥青路面上实施雾封层措施后的一段时间内,路面抗滑性能会有一定程度地降低。因此,在实际工程应用中提出了基于HAP路面防护剂的HAP(石屑)封层措施。文中依托试验路工程研究HAP(石屑)封层措施的抗滑性能和防水性能,结果表明该措施能够减少抗滑性能的降低或略微提高抗滑性能,同时可保持雾封层良好的防水性能。     

梯形轨枕横向预应力张拉工装设备的研制

梯形轨枕设计有横向预应力,采用PC钢棒作为预应力筋,但国内没有相应的工装设备。为满足工期要求、节省生产成本,自行研制开发了梯形轨枕横向预应力张拉装置,它主要由穿心式千斤顶、拉杆、联接螺母、套筒、夹片式锚具和支撑小凳等六部分组成。介绍了工装设备的结构、工作原理与工作步骤。施工实践证明,利用此装置可以满足梯形轨枕横向张拉的工艺要求,安全可靠,操作简单方便,经济效益明显,为推广轨枕横向预应力施工技术创造了条件。     

Carbon dioxide emissions from diesel and compressed natural gas buses during acceleration

Motor vehicle emission factors are generally derived from driving tests mimicking steady state conditions or transient drive cycles. Neither of these test conditions, however, completely represents real world driving conditions. In particular, they fail to determine emissions generated during the accelerating phase – a condition in which urban buses spend much of their time. We analyse and compare the results of time-dependant emission measurements conducted on diesel and compressed natural gas buses during an urban driving cycle on a chassis dynamometer and we derive power-law expressions relating carbon dioxide emission factors to the instantaneous speed while accelerating from rest. Emissions during acceleration are compared with that during steady speed operation.     

Effects of stack array orientation on fuel cell efficiency for auxiliary power unit applications

The commercial fuel cell products currently appearing on the market are self-contained fuel cell engines. These engines can be used for many applications that are presently dominated by internal combustion engines or batteries. Vehicle mounted fuel cell auxiliary power units have been attracting attention lately. Additionally, there is a market based incentive to use multiple small fuel cell arrays in place of a single large fuel cell for some applications. Typically, fuel cells are designed to operate as stand-alone units. This paper investigates the ability of small commercial stacks to operate in common array arrangements. Although an individual Nexa is able to produce 1500 W, Dual Nexas do not maintain that capability while in array configurations. With an overall load share ratio of 1.02:1 the series array reliably produced 2900 W of power, while with an overall load share ratio of 1.09:1 the parallel array reliably produced only 2800 W of power. This study shows that array orientation affects both system stack net efficiency and individual stack net efficiency. The information gained from this study may be helpful for fuel cell design and integration.     

Analysis of neck fractures from frontal collisions at low speeds

Neck fracture is a major cause of death in traffic accidents. This pattern of injury normally occurs in a frontal collision or overturn of a vehicle. This study investigates the case of a neck fracture from a low-speed collision. In the examined case, the passenger in the front seat of the car fractured his neck and died. He did not have his seatbelt on when the vehicle slipped on a frozen road surface on a downward slope of a hill and impacted into the shoulder of the road at low speed. In this type of collision, an occupant’s body will be impacted by the windshield or other interior trim of the car. However, in this case, rather unusually, neither body tissue nor fiber remained although the collision involved a broken windshield. Thus, the reason for the passenger death was unidentified. This study applied the computer simulation package Madymo for analyzing the accident. The result of the simulation was that the passenger, who did not wear a seatbelt, moved forward due to inertia. The upper part of the passenger then rotated and lifted when the knee contacted with the dashboard. By evaluating the structural deformation of the vehicle at the front, we deduced that the collision velocity was 30 km/h. Through a computational experiment that was undertaken using Madymo 7.0, NIC was estimated to be 240 m²/s². This result far exceeded the threshold for neck injuries. In particular, in comparison with whiplash injuries, when the passenger’s head directly impacts the roof following a rear-end collision, the bending moment through hyperextension of the neck is greatly increased. In this study, we concluded that the manner of death was the hyperextension of the neck, as the passenger’s head contacted the roof from underneath.     

基于Petri网建模的机务段管理信息系统的研究与实现

将Petri网建模技术应用于机务段信息化系统的开发过程中,并结合Petri网理论和机务段业务流程的特点,提出了机务段业务流程模型,通过定义的模型5元组来描述各检修过程之间的信息、资源和组织之间的关系,引导过程中的检修活动自动进行,对检修活动所需的资源进行调度分配,从而将各检修活动组织成一个顺畅的工作流程,为机务段业务流程的分析优化以及应用软件系统的开发提供了逻辑模型支持;通过矩阵方程对所建网模型进行性能分析,证明该模型的合理性．该模型能顺应机车检修工艺的变化重组业务流程,实现信息系统的可持续升级．     

高速公路建设项目过程后评价的研究

在概述公路建设项目后评价的过程评价基本原理的基础上,针对高速公路建设项目特点,以沪宁高速公路江苏段为例,对过程评价的五方面评价内容,即：前期工作、项目实施、投资执行、营运、管理配套及服务设施情况进行了探讨,分析了过程评价的指标,并对高速公路建设项目过程评价提出建议。     

关于HARRIS20-20程控交换机计费系统的补充设计

主要介绍对Harris20-20程控数字交换机的计费系统的分析与纠错,功能的扩充,使其更加适合Harris20-20程控数字交换机的计费、出帐操作.     

Exploring the effects of passenger rail franchising in Britain: Evidence from the first two rounds of franchising (1997-2008)

This paper provides an up-to-date review of the previous literature concerning the impact of passenger rail franchising on productivity and costs in Britain, and also presents important new evidence. In particular, the extension in time of previously-used datasets offers the first opportunity to study the impacts of re-franchising. The previous literature emphasised the failure of franchising to produce sustained productivity gains, with a sharp deterioration in productivity after 2000. The new evidence presented offers a somewhat more positive view of the British experience. It suggests that part of what was previously considered to be falling productivity may in fact be due to exogenous changes in diesel prices. Further, new data suggests that the recent increases in costs have resulted in higher quality of service. Finally, competitive re-franchising, and the associated unwinding of short-term management and re-negotiated contracts, seems to have led to improvements in productivity between 2006 and 2008. Nevertheless, it remains the case that passenger rail franchising in Britain has failed to reduce costs in the way experienced in many other industries and in rail in other European countries. The evidence is that somewhat larger franchises, avoiding overlapping and optimising train density and length, should reduce costs. We also speculate that the major increase in wages and conditions of staff might be moderated by longer franchises, although that remains to be proved. This re-appraisal of the British case is important in the context of the wider international interest in the use of franchising in passenger rail, and its relevance to the current review of ways of introducing competition into the domestic rail passenger market in Europe.     

中国油轮安全和防污染管理制度

<正>中国是石油消费大国,也是进口大国,2009年石油进口量达到1.99亿吨,其中1.91亿吨通过海上油轮运输。油轮一旦发生事故,极易造成灾难性后果。为此,近年来,交通运输部加大了对油轮安全和防污染管理方面的力度。首先,加强源头管理。交通运输部制定了《船舶安全营运和防止污染管理规则》,并自2004年7月1日起对500总吨及以上的国内油船生效。2006年,颁布了《老旧运输