Network representation,continuum approximations and a solution to the spatial aggregation problem of traffic assignment

This paper complements the preceding one, which showed how one could modify equilibrium traffic assignment algorithms for networks with many centroids. In this one it is shown how one can substitute centroids by zones with continuous population densities. The technique, which is mathematically guaranteed to approximate a flow pattern in accordance with Wardrop's user equilibrium criterion, requires some geometrical calculations which can be handled off-line. With the suggested approach, it is possible to represent the spatial distribution of trip ends more realistically and this allows traffic assignment models to capture the effects of short and intrazonal trips in a way previously impossible. The method is shown to be computationally feasible.     

Finite element modeling of static tire enveloping characteristics

To investigate static tire enveloping characteristics, a three dimensional (3-D) finite element model is proposed. The vertical stiffness of the tire is studied on a flat surface with and without cleat. Tire rubber materials and cord layers are represented independently using “rebar” elements available in MSC Marc Mentat. Comparisons of numerical and experimental results are given to show the validity of the proposed model. It is shown that after a certain displacement, the results of the proposed model agree well with experimental results. In addition, the model results show that regardless of the type of the cleat placed under the rim center (hub center), all vertical force curves intersect after a certain displacement, which indicates typical static enveloping characteristics. Moreover, another typical characteristic of the radial tires that is unlike those of bias-ply constructions confirms that the contact patch does not expand laterally after a level vertical load is applied to the tire, which is directly related to fuel consumption and tire tread life.     

转型发展:CCS只争朝夕

十年前,中国船级社(CCS)紧紧把握船检体制变革带来的发展机遇和发展动力,站在服务国家相关行业发展的全局高度,重视战略思考和战略布局,以前瞻性的目光及时捕捉全球航运安全要求不断提升、船舶大型化和技术附加值提升、我国造船产能快速提升、我国自有船队不断发展等趋势,通过"局社分开"后的前期转型,有力地促进了跨越发展。今天,围绕落实中央关于加快转变经济方式的战略部署以及全国交通运输工作会议的要求,2月27日,CCS总裁李科浚在2010年工作会议上,对CCS加快转型发展作出了详细部署,再次拉开了转型发展的大幕。     

Reducing transit fleet emissions through vehicle retrofits,replacements, and usage changes over multiple time periods

Bus transit is often promoted as a green form of transportation, but surprisingly little research has been done on how to run transit systems in a green manner. Both vehicle task assignment and purchase models are generally constructed to minimize financial costs. Integrating vehicle task assignment with purchase decisions is made challenging by the different time scales involved. An integer programming approach is used to combine vehicle purchase, retrofit and aggregated task assignment decisions. The formulation is designed to operate in sequence with traditional vehicle task assignment models, to add emissions and long term financial cost elements to the objective, while maintaining computational tractability and feasible input data requirements. In a case study, a transit agency saves money in the long term by using stimulus money to buy CNG infrastructure instead of purchasing only new buses. Carbon prices up to $400/(ton CO₂ equivalent) do not change vehicle purchase decisions, but higher carbon prices can cause more diesel hybrid purchases, at a high marginal cost. Although the motivation and numerical case study are from the US transit industry, the model is formulated to be widely applicable to green fleet management in multiple contexts.     

山海关船厂1#坞接长工程坞墙关键工艺的探讨

山海关船厂1#坞接长工程属于旧坞改造,在原坞尾接长70 m,原坞拆除2.5 m并恢复。根据施工过程中的特点,介绍坞墙施工中模板、止水带、混凝土等关键工艺的施工方法及体会,并对施工中应注意的一些问题进行探讨,对类似工程有一定的借鉴意义。     

Global supply chain and port/terminal: integration and competitiveness

Much has been said of the importance of port and terminal integration in the supply chain. Authors have stressed the importance of agility to the port environment, which involves being proactive along supply chains, facilitation of intermodal integration, as well as organizational integration and partnership between ports and users. Despite the well articulated importance of the issues, little has been offered in terms of conceptualizations and empirical evidence of what really is meant by port/terminal integration in the supply chain, how such integration can be measured and quantified as well as the extent to which different ports/terminals in the world are integrated in the supply chain and competitive performance implications arising thereof. This paper aims to make a contribution in this respect by (i) reviewing the relevant literature on supply chain integration and port integration in the supply chain, (ii) conceptualizing measures for port/terminal integration in the supply chain, (iii) empirically testing the influence of port/terminal integration in the supply chain on port competitiveness and (iv) outlining the significance and value of the study for port operators, shipping lines, transport providers and for further research.     

寿命周期成本分析在江珠高速路面设计中的应用

通过对广东省现行运营路面结构的调查,采用寿命周期成本分析各种路面结构,得出优选方案,为江珠路面设计提供依据,也为其他路面设计提供参考.     

系统效能通用评估工具研究

基于数据库和算法集成,设计了一套具有良好通用性、灵活性、可扩展性的系统效能评估工具,并以此工具为基础,针对不同的评估需求、数据量和应用环境提出对应的解决方案.