Estimating the value of risk reductions for car drivers when pedestrians are involved: a case study in Spain

We estimated the benefits associated with reducing fatal and severe injuries from traffic accidents using a stated choice experiment where choice situations were generated through a statistically efficient design. Specifically, the risk variables were defined as the expected annual number of vehicle car-users that suffered their death or were severely injured in a traffic accident. In addition, and differing from previous research, the number of pedestrians that died or were severely injured in traffic accidents per year was also included as a risk attribute in the choice experiment, to attempt at measuring drivers’ willingness to pay to reduce the risk of hitting pedestrians in a crash. The empirical setting was a choice of route for a particular trip that a sample of car drivers periodically undertakes in Tenerife, Spain. Models were estimated accounting for random taste heterogeneity and pseudo-panel data correlation. The median of the distribution of simulated parameters was used to obtain a representative measure for the monetary valuation of risk reductions. We found that the ratio between the values of reducing the risk of suffering a serious injury and that of reducing a fatality was approximately 18 %. Further, and quite novel, we also found that the value of reducing a pedestrian fatality was 39 % of the value of reducing a car occupant fatality.     

Evaluating air emission inventories and indicators from cruise vessels at ports

This paper provides an estimation of air emissions (CO₂, NO_X, SO_X and PM) released by cruise vessels at the port level. The methodology is based on the “full bottom-up” approach and starts by evaluating the fuel consumed by each vessel on the basis of its individual port activities (manoeuvring, berthing and hoteling). The Port of Barcelona was selected as the site at which to perform the analysis, in which 125 calls of 30 cruise vessels were monitored. Real-time data from the automatic identification system (AIS), factor emissions from engine certificates and vessel characteristics from IHS Sea-web database were also collected for the analysis. The research findings show that the most appropriate indicators are inventory emissions per “port-time gross tonnage”, “port-time passenger” and “port time”. These emission indicators improve our understanding of cruise emissions and will facilitate the work that aims to estimate reliably and quickly the in-port ship emission inventories of cruise ports.     

隧道下穿超浅埋国道的爆破减振技术

隧道下穿交通量大、超浅埋的国道公路时,为了能安全穿越,确保行车畅通,围岩开挖采用了拱上部周边打空炮眼减振、开挖面增打减振孔、炮孔复合装药、预留光爆层等综合减振措施的爆破技术。经现场爆破监测,爆破振动波速基本控制在20mm/s之内,降低了爆破的振波,有效地控制了公路地表下沉,确保了公路运营的安全。     

合成孔径雷达的发展现状和趋势

合成孔径雷达作为一种高分辨率雷达,已成为军事侦察和环境监测的重要工具,日益受到各国的重视。简要说明合成孔径雷达的应用特点,从星载SAR和机载SAR两个方面分析了合成孔径雷达的发展现状,在此基础上讨论合成孔径雷达的发展趋势。     

面元法预估导管螺旋桨水动力性能的一种新方法

采用一种新的方法预估导管螺旋桨的水动力性能;导管和螺旋桨均采用基于速度势的面元法,它们间的影响通过相互的诱导速度势数值迭代来体现．与诱导速度体现相互影响的方法相比,本文方法可节省编程及计算时间;对JD系列导管螺旋桨的计算与实验结果的比较表明,该方法可以有效地预估导管螺旋桨的水动力性能．     

透明自清洁涂层的制备与表征

通过分散纳米二氧化硅以及表面接枝后的纳米二氧化硅颗粒与环氧树脂开环反应,从而使玻璃表面植入纳米二氧化硅,经全氟硅氧烷改性后,能制备出具有较高的静止接触角与较低的滚动角的自清洁涂层：接触角高达168,°滚动角为11.8°.采用SEM与AFM对涂层形貌分析,结果表明表面的粗糙尺度小于可见光的波长.因此,该自清洁涂层具有高透明度,可见光透光率可达99%.     

沉箱结构的有限元分析

某码头为大直径圆沉箱重力墩式结构,应用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS,对沉箱结构建立三维有限元模型,分别按考虑地基与沉箱作用和不考虑地基与沉箱作用进行计算。计算与分析结果表明,2种算法上部结构的计算结果相近,不考虑沉箱与地基共同作用的底板内力过于保守。     

充分利用当地天然砂填筑高速公路路基

在华北地区修建高速公路,充分利用当地河道中的天然砂填筑路堤,既减少取土占地,又充分利用了当地材料并疏通了河道,是一种技术可行、施工快捷、经济合理的方法。重点介绍填砂路基的施工方法和工艺。     

古石背隧道岩溶段的综合治理

溶洞洞穴的存在易造成隧道围岩塌陷压垮二衬或悬空造成开裂等病害,给隧道施工、运营安全造成威胁。针对古石背隧道施工在隧道拱顶、侧面、拱脚、仰拱底部等位置出现岩溶洞穴的情况,根据溶洞对隧道不同影响和施工条件,采用了清除充填物、回填片石夯实或砼、注浆加固填充物、钢筋砼护拱、钢筋砼板跨越、封闭地表塌陷、疏排地表水等综合治理措施,施工结果表明治理是成功的。     

基于相位差变化率的机载无源定位研究

单站无源定位的核心难点是如何实现无源测距问题。利用目标角度和角度变化率信息对观测站和目标间的距离进行解算,通过定位误差的几何分布（GDOP）对单次定位的距离测量精度进行了仿真分析。由于观测器在运动过程中对固定辐射源目标进行无源测距的精度不高,用卡尔曼滤波对多次定位进行了滤波处理。通过单次和多次定位精度的仿真验证了该方法是一种高精度的定位方法。