航道骨架护岸结构的稳定性影响规律及其优化*

为探究不同结构形式航道骨架护岸结构的稳定性影响规律,选择出最佳护岸结构形式,并对该形式进行结构优化,结合沙河漯河—平顶山航运工程的实际情况,利用PLAXIS 3D分别建立了几种护坡的三维结构模型。结果表明：在人字形、菱形、拱形骨架3种形式中,使用拱形骨架时,岸坡的滑动破坏面范围最小,岸坡的安全系数最大;在设计拱形骨架护岸结构时,应首先考虑不同拱径对岸坡土体位移的影响,在对岸坡土体沉降控制较严格的工程上,可进一步考虑不同拱宽的设计取值对其不同影响;本工程建议拱形骨架护岸结构的设计参数由原设计方案（拱径2.5 m、拱宽0.05 m、埋深0.300 m）优化为正交方案（拱径4.5 m、拱宽0.05 m、埋深0.450 m）,在减小岸坡土体位移的同时仅增加不到55 m3的混凝土用量。     

反舰导弹远程作战体系能力评估

通过对反舰导弹远程作战体系构成进行研究,分析影响反舰导弹远程作战能力的主要因素,运用层次分析法来确定影响反舰导弹作战效能的各指标的权重,并对各指标进行评价,从而为科学合理地进行反舰导弹远程攻击能力评估提供一种方法,为优化反舰导弹远程作战体系的构成提供一种参考依据.     

水泥稳定碎石基层的弹塑性特性（双语出版）

为了认识水泥稳定碎石基层的弹黏塑性特性，优化路面结构的设计计算，选用路面常用的骨架密实和悬浮密实2种水泥稳定碎石基层材料，振动压实成型了Φ150×150 mm标准圆柱体试件，应用微机控制万能试验机，设定不同加载速率（0.5，1，1.5，2，4 mm·min^-1），进行简单加载、循环加卸载、抗压回弹模量、徐变和松弛等试验，测试试件的应力-应变及其随时间的变化，分析强度、刚度、徐变与松弛等变化规律及加卸载应力-应变特性，研究水泥稳定碎石基层的弹塑性特性，提出改进型本构模型。结果表明：加载速率对试验结果的总体影响小于4.4%（相对误差），且60 min的徐变变形最大为0.03%，14 min的应力松弛最大为6.9%，表明水泥稳定碎石基层的黏性极弱，可以忽略不计；每次加载卸载后均有回弹变形和永久变形出现，反映了水泥稳定碎石基层的弹塑性性质，且服从有应力强化的弹塑性固体模型，可以用广义圣维南模型模拟分析；提出的改进型邓肯-张本构模型数值模拟具有很好的有效性，可以用来分析水泥稳定碎石的应力-应变曲线；0.4σ_max（σ_max为水稳碎石混合料的破坏强度）对应的割线模量十分接近传统的回弹模量，说明简化的0.4σ_max取值法可以用来测试水泥稳定碎石基层的回弹模量；从总体路用技术性能来看，骨架密实型的水泥稳定碎石基层要优于悬浮密实型。     

对竞争性谈判方式在装备采购中的应用探讨

竞争性谈判采购作为我军装备采购方式之一,在装备采购活动中发挥着越来越重要的作用。基于装备采购特点,分析了竞争性谈判采购的涵义和应用条件,阐述了其优缺点,最后明确了其操作应遵循的原则和基本程序。     

Effect of attitudes, habit and affective appraisal on mode choice: an application to university workers

Traditionally, car use and modal choice, in general, have been studied under the random utility framework, assuming that individuals choose a particular mode based on their own socio-economic characteristics and the attributes describing the available options. This approach has originated useful models which have been able to explain modal split. However, at the same time, it has received critics because of its poor characterization of human behaviour and the weakness of its assumptions. Research has suggested that socio-psychological factors could help to understand better the choice process. In this paper, attitudinal theory and its link to human behaviour were used to select attitudes, habit and affective appraisals as explanatory variables. They were measured using ad-hoc instruments, which were combined with a revealed preference questionnaire, in order to obtain information about the traveller and the chosen mode. This instrument was applied to a sample extracted from staff members of the University of Concepcion, Chile. Analyses of attitudinal variables showed that car use habit was positively correlated to attitude and positive emotions towards car, implying that breaking the vicious circle of car use through persuasive techniques might be difficult. Estimation of discrete choice models showed that attitudinal variables presented a significant contribution to modal utility, and helped to improve both fitness and statistical significance. Results showed that choice can be influenced by factors related to attitudes and affective appraisal, and that their study is necessary in order to achieve an effective car use reduction.

P2P流媒体分发模型及在视频会议系统中的应用

针对传统视频会议系统服务质量较差的问题,提出了一种混合式流媒体分发模型VCStream(video conference stream).模型中,由数据源节点构成一个树状系统,一旦树满,新加入的节点将进入一个备选池,从而备选池中的节点与树的所有叶子节点又构成了一个网状系统.基于该模型,设计了循环缓冲和两阶段调度算法,以优化流媒体数据的传输,达到提高可扩展性和容错性的目的.实验结果表明:与树状分发模型和随机拓扑结构模型相比,所提出的模型减少了10%~20%的传输延时以及新节点的加入时间;鲁棒性也比随机拓扑模型高5%,从而能更好地满足视频会议系统的需要.      

公共汽(电)车首末站规划建设策略——基于香港经验

公交首末站是公共交通设施的重要组成部分,但普遍存在设施用地短缺问题,这将严重制约公交优先发展。首先,以广州市为例分析当前内地大城市公交首末站规划建设面临的问题。其次,剖析香港的成功经验,从规划指引、投资模式、综合开发及配建标准等方面提出具有可操作性的规划建设策略和方法,以推动公交首末站规划建设进程并促进公交优先的快速发展。     

Energy savings due to land transportation management in Singapore

Singapore has been actively engaged in implementing various land transportation policies and traffic management schemes since the early 1970s to reduce traffic congestion. This paper examines the benefits in energy savings arising from the following five major schemes: (a) the Area Licensing Scheme, (b) the computerised Area Traffic control System, (c) the adaptive traffic control system, (d) the exclusive bus lane scheme, and (e) the island-wide expressway system. The analyses are made based on the findings of a two-year study that developed vehicle fuel consumption models for Singapore traffic. The Area Licensing Scheme that restricts traffic flow into the Central Business District (CBD) is found to have the greatest energy impact, followed by the island-wide expressway system and the traffic-signals control systems within the CBD.     

CPⅢ平面网必要点位精度的研究

研究目的:在考虑CPⅢ网的观测网形以及网中观测值的必要观测精度的前提下,对CPⅢ标准网以及改进网的必要点位精度进行仿真计算.通过误差理论分析,探讨CPⅢ点在2种网形下的合理点位精度,并进一步推算CPⅢ标准网以及改进网2次测量CPⅢ点X、Y方向坐标较差的合理允许误差.研究结论:采用边角网精度估算的方法,推算CPⅢ控制网的必要点位精度.认为改进CPⅢ网的交互强度虽比标准的CPⅢ网好,但其点位精度却比标准的CPⅢ网差,在横向精度方面差异更大.对标准CPⅢ网而言,其合理的可重复性测量精度应≤±1.5 mm,2次测量CPⅢ点X、Y方向坐标较差的允许值应≤±3.0 mm;对改进的CPⅢ网而言,其合理的可重复性测量精度应≤±2.0 mm,2次测量CPⅢ点X、Y方向坐标较差的允许值应≤±4.0 mm.     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞骨向分化及体外诱导实验

目的建立骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)体外分离培养体系,进行骨向分化诱导,并将诱导的成骨细胞复合钛网体外成骨,为MSCs进一步的临床应用研究提供实验依据。方法用密度梯度离心法分离大鼠骨髓MSCs,并对其形态学特征进行观察。用诱导剂对MSCs向成骨细胞进行诱导分化,并进行形态学观察和免疫细胞化学检测。用扫描电镜观察骨向诱导后细胞复合钛网的情况。结果用密度梯度离心法成功分离获得了高纯度的骨髓MSCs。经骨向诱导后,ALP和矿化结节染色阳性。扫描电镜可观察到骨向诱导后细胞复合在钛网表面有矿化的基质沉积。结论成功建立了大鼠骨髓MSCs体外分离和培养体系,MSCs能够向成骨细胞分化,骨向诱导后细胞复合钛网体外有矿化的基质。