Energy-saving reputation method for wireless sensor networks

Reputation mechanism has been recently introduced into wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to overcome the deficiencies incurred by cryptography alone. Unlike most current reputation mechanisms that are based on binomial distribution and to some extent, do not give due attention to the aspect of energy constraint of WSNs, this research deduces and proves the feasibility that negative binomial distribution can well be used in the reputation update with distinctive energy-saving features. Comparison tests with respect to the energy consumption in terms of reputation computing frequencies are done between the traditional reputation method and the one in this study. Results show that our method can save more energy for the reputation update and thus can better meet the power constraints of WSNs.     

Simulation of temperature distribution in hot filament chemical vapor deposition diamond films growth on SiC seals

In this study, the temperature and gas velocity distributions in hot filament chemical vapor deposition(HFCVD) diamond film growth on the end surfaces of seals are simulated by the finite volume method. The influence of filament diameter, filament separation and rotational speed of the substrates is considered. Firstly,the simulation model is established by simplifying operating conditions to simulate the temperature and gas velocity distributions. Thereafter, the deposition parameters are optimized as 0.6 mm filament diameter, 18 mm filament separation and 5 r/min rotational speed to get the uniform temperature distribution. Under the influence of the rotational speed, the difference between temperature gradients along the directions perpendicular to the filament and parallel to the filament becomes narrow, it is consistent with the actual condition, and the maximum temperature difference on the substrates decreases to 7.4?C. Furthermore, the effect of the rotational speed on the gas velocity distribution is studied. Finally, diamond films are deposited on the end surfaces of Si C seals with the optimized deposition parameters. The characterizations by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and Raman spectroscopy exhibit a layer of homogeneous diamond films with fine-faceted crystals and uniform thickness. The results validate the simulation model.     

基于AFC系统的苏州市轨道交通网络化客流特征分析及启示

从运营轨道线网客流中找寻规律,可以有效指导城市科学合理地预测轨道交通客流。本文根据目前苏州市AFC系统运营数据积累,从网络、线路、车站三个层面探讨苏州市轨道交通客流特征,分析目前线网客流特征,为后续预测模型的参数选择提供参考和依据,并且针对轨道交通规划设计及运营提出相关工作建议。     

重庆市轨道交通网络化新形势下的地面常规公交转型发展对策研究

近年来,随着轨道交通的大规模建设和交通出行方式的多样化,给地面常规公交带来了前所未有的挑战和压力,常规公交客流呈现下降趋势已经成为普遍现象.本文主要以重庆为例,基于轨道交通网络化发展,探究在轨道网发展过程中常规公交面临的困境,提出在新常态下常规公交的发展定位和发展策略,构建"以轨道为骨干,常规公交为基础"的公共交通一体化网络,从而实现地面公交服务效率和品质的全面提升,使其最终实现成功转型发展.     

Analysis of travel activity determinants using robust statistics

This study investigates travel behavior determinants based on a multiday travel survey conducted in the region of Ghent, Belgium. Due to the limited data reliability of the data sample and the influence of outliers exerted on classical principal component analysis, robust principal component analysis (ROBPCA) is employed in order to reveal the explanatory variables responsible for most of the variability. Interpretation of the results is eased by utilizing ROSPCA. The application of ROSPCA reveals six distinct principal components where each is determined by a few variables. Among others, our results suggest a key role of variable categories such as journey purpose-related impedance and journey inherent constraints. Surprisingly, the variables associated with journey timing turn out to be less important. Finally, our findings reveal the critical role of outliers in travel behavior analysis. This suggests that a systematic understanding of how outliers contribute to observed mobility behavior patterns, as derived from travel surveys, is needed. In this regard, the proposed methods serve for processing raw data typically used in activity-based modelling.     

白藜芦醇对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠肝脏的保护作用

目的 探讨白藜芦醇对实验性重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis, SAP)大鼠肝功能的保护作用.方法 96只成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术(sham operation, SO)组、重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)组、地塞米松(dexamethasone, DEX)治疗组和白藜芦醇(resveratrol, RES)治疗组.各组大鼠均于制模后3、6、12h采集标本.生化方法进行肝功能测定;酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)测定血清TNF-α和IL-6含量;透射电镜观察胰腺和肝脏超微结构的变化;RT-PCR检测凋亡调控基因Bax、Bcl-2和caspase-3 mRNA表达;Western Blot检测凋亡调控基因Bax、Bcl-2、caspase-3和线粒体内细胞色素C蛋白的表达.结果 SAP组各时间点血清谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase, ALT)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase, AST)和总胆红素(total bilirubin, TBIL)水平均明显高于SO组(P＜0.05),RES组和DEX组肝功损害较SAP组明显降低(P＜0.05).RES组和DEX组TNF-α、IL-6含量均明显低于SAP组(P＜0.05).SAP组出现明显细胞肿胀、毛细血管淤血、血栓形成、线粒体肿胀和细胞凋亡等超微结构的变化,RES组和DEX组上述改变明显减轻.RES组Bax、caspase-3 mRNA表达显著低于SAP组(P＜0.05),Bcl-2 mRNA表达明显高于SAP组.Western blot 检测结果与RT-PCR结果一致.RES组各项指标与DEX组差异不显著(P＞0.05).结论 白藜芦醇可以降低SAP大鼠肝细胞凋亡的发生,从而起到减轻SAP介导的肝脏功能损伤的作用.     

Real world driving cycle for motorcycles in Edinburgh

Knowledge of the driving cycle is an important requirement in the evaluation of exhaust emissions. Data were collected from trips performed on five routes between the home addresses in the surrounding areas and place of work at Napier University in Edinburgh. A real world Edinburgh motorcycle driving cycle (EMDC) is developed for each of the urban and rural roads, using this data. Forty-four trips were made on the routes in both urban and rural areas. We assess motorcycle speed, percentage time spent in cruise, accelerations, decelerations and idling and their statistical validity over trip lengths. The results show that EMDC has a cycle length of 770 and 656 s for urban and rural trips, which are higher than those of the European Commission’s driving cycle for cars used for emission estimations of motorcycles. Time spent in acceleration and deceleration modes of EMDC are found to be significantly higher than in other driving cycle studies, reflecting diverse driving conditions in Edinburgh.     

12毫米厚铝合金板的搅拌摩擦焊研究(英文)

Most of the investigations regarding friction stir welding(FSW)of aluminum alloy plates have been limited to about 5 to 6mm thick plates.In prior work conducted the various aspects concerning the process parameters and the FSW tool geometry were studied utilizing friction stir welding of 12 mm thick commercial grade aluminum alloy.Two different simple-tomanufacture tool geometries were used.The effect of varying welding parameters and dwell time of FSW tool on mechanical properties and weld quality was examined.It was observed that in order to achieve a defect free welding on such thick aluminum alloy plates,tool having trapezoidal pin geometry was suitable.Adequate tensile strength and ductility can be achieved utilizing a combination of high tool rotational speed of about 2000 r/min and low speed of welding around 28 mm/min.At very low and high dwell time the ductility of welded joints are reduced significantly.     

Construction of wave-free potentials and multipoles in a two-layer fluid having free-surface boundary condition with higher-order derivatives

There is a large class of problems in the field of fluid structure interaction where higher-order boundary conditions arise for a second-order partial differential equation. Various methods are being used to tackle these kind of mixed boundary-value problems associated with the Laplace’s equation (or Helmholtz equation) arising in the study of waves propagating through solids or fluids. One of the widely used methods in wave structure interaction is the multipole expansion method. This expansion involves a general combination of a regular wave, a wave source, a wave dipole and a regular wave-free part. The wave-free part can be further expanded in terms of wave-free multipoles which are termed as wave-free potentials. These are singular solutions of Laplace’s equation or two-dimensional Helmholz equation. Construction of these wave-free potentials and multipoles are presented here in a systematic manner for a number of situations such as two-dimensional non-oblique and oblique waves, three dimensional waves in two-layer fluid with free surface condition with higher order partial derivative are considered. In particular, these are obtained taking into account of the effect of the presence of surface tension at the free surface and also in the presence of an ice-cover modelled as a thin elastic plate. Also for limiting case, it can be shown that the multipoles and wave-free potential functions go over to the single layer multipoles and wave-free potential.     

An automated approach to passive sonar classification using binary image features

This paper proposes a new method for ship recognition and classification using sound produced and radiated underwater. To do so, a three-step procedure is proposed. First, the preprocessing operations are utilized to reduce noise effects and provide signal for feature extraction. Second, a binary image, made from frequency spectrum of signal segmentation, is formed to extract effective features. Third, a neural classifier is designed to classify the signals. Two approaches, the proposed method and the fractal-based method are compared and tested on real data. The comparative results indicated better recognition ability and more robust performance of the proposed method than the fractal-based method. Therefore, the proposed method could improve the recognition accuracy of underwater acoustic targets.