大直径环梁支护下深基坑开挖的数值分析

深基坑开挖必然会引起支护结构及周围土体的变形,而大多数深基坑工程都位于城市繁华地段,必须保证基坑和周边环境的安全。本文结合天津地区某深基坑工程实例,使用有限元分析软件ABAQUS对该深基坑开挖进行了数值模拟。分析时选用摩尔-库伦土体本构模型,并考虑了深基坑分步开挖,逐级加撑和围护桩与土体的相互作用,计算出了深基坑开挖过程中支护结构的变形、基坑周围土体变形及坑底变形。将数值模拟结果与现场实测数据进行了对比分析,讨论了深基坑开挖过程中支护结构及土体的变形规律。得出一些对深基坑工程设计和施工有实际意义的结论,可为今后类似的工程提供一定的借鉴。     

Numerical simulation of interference effects for a high-speed catamaran

The simulations of the flow around a high-speed vessel in both catamaran and monohull configurations are carried out by the numerical solution of the Reynold averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations. The goal of the analysis is the investigation of the interference phenomena between the two hulls, with focus on its dependence on the Reynolds number (Re). To this aim, numerical simulations are carried out for values of Re ranging from 10⁶ to 10⁸ for two different values of the Froude number (Fr = 0.30, 0.45). Wave patterns, wave profiles, limiting streamlines, surface pressure and velocity fields are analyzed; comparison is made between the catamaran and the monohull configurations. Dependence of the pressure and viscous resistance coefficients, as well as of the interference factor, on the Reynolds number is investigated. Verification and validation for both resistance coefficients and wave cuts is also performed.     

Implementing the street-turn strategy by an optimization model

The street-turn option represents a major strategy for the profitability of shipping companies supplying container-based transportation. This option consists in the distribution of trucks delivering loaded containers to import customers, the subsequent allocation of empty containers to export customers and the final dispatch of loaded containers to departure ports. However, the determination of truck routes is a time-consuming activity for shipping companies, because available information can suddenly change while they are making their decisions. In this paper we aim to propose a decision support tool to quickly determine truck routes and implement the street-turn strategy. This tool is based on an optimization model determining the allocation of empty containers between customers and defining truck routes in a post-optimization phase. We compare routes resulting from the proposed model to the decisions of a real shipping company. Early results indicate that this approach represents a promising support for shipping companies in dealing with street-turns. It can significantly reduce distances travelled by trucks and times requested to determine routes.     

Regional Ocean Governance in China: An Appraisal of the Clean Bohai Sea Program

In 2001 China embarked on an ambitious program to improve water quality through creation of the Clean Bohai Sea Program (CBSP). It is the first regional ocean governance program in China. The joint conference of central and local government units directed CBSP under the leadership of the State Environment Protection Administration. To meet the environmental objectives established by the joint conference local governments must pay for the program and operate it, but to date they have not been able to fully fund the effort. Although data indicate a decline of polluted discharges to the Bohai, one tabulation shows that the area of the sea that is polluted has increased each year from 2001 to 2005. Future enhancement of CBSP depends on revising incentives to better link local environmental programs and development, establishing funding mechanisms to equitably spread costs throughout watersheds, and creating comprehensive monitoring programs to better appraise program results.     

饱和砂土电阻率的测试方法研究

电阻率测定土体孔隙率的方法近年来蓬勃发展,应用于工程地质、水文地质和环境监测等多个领域.文中以砂土液化过程中孔隙率变化的规律研究为背景,开展饱和砂土的电阻率定量确定方法研究.采用不同形式测试探头的对比测试试验,选择并确定适合特定形状土箱的电阻率测试探头;文中以二极和四极法为理论基础,通过选用不同类型的电极(铜片、铜丝网、细铜棒),控制电极间距、入土深度、电压等条件进行了一系列的对比试验,确定了合适的测试电极和测试方法,并探讨了上述测试条件对电阻率测试结果的影响.为开展砂土液化过程中孔隙率变化的规律研究奠定基础.     

浅水单模块浮式防波堤锚泊系统分析研究

针对浅水海域的单模块浮箱式防波堤,利用水动力通用软件ANSYS-AQWA,建立不规则波作用下浮体锚链耦合模型,得到浮式防波堤频域与时域的动态响应。重点分析频域下的六自由度运动RAO,以及利用AQWA的缆索动力学模块,设计对比了拖地长度和预张力不同的锚泊线受力情况,并得到该条件下最优的锚泊系统,对实际工程有参考价值。     

一种基于多源地面目标的相关判断方法

多源地面目标相关判断是进行地面目标融合处理的前提。在分析地面目标特征、知识库及相关处理流程的基础上,设计了依据来源级别、相关关系、目标类型和位置门限等方面进行相关判断的步骤,并重点阐述了根据目标距离进行位置门限判断的算法。力争达到能够快速准确地缩小判断范围、减少判断步骤、确定相关候选对象。     

拆船公约带来的法律责任和风险分析

国际海事组织2009年在香港通过的《2009香港国际安全与无害环境拆船公约》对船舶有害物的管理提出了法律要求.公约对船舶制造、营运管理以及拆船作业进行了规范,对航运界的多个利益方提出了要求.根据公约以及配套的一系列导则要求,对船舶有害物质全生命周期管理的法律责任及风险进行了分析,并对各利益方的具体履约要求进行了梳理,为我国航运界正确履约提供参考.     

微膨胀钢管混凝土弹塑性变形试验研究

通过试验研究膨胀剂对钢管膨胀混凝土承载力及应变的影响,确认膨胀剂能在一定范围内通过补偿收缩提高钢管混凝土的承载力,进而研究膨胀剂不同掺量对钢管混凝土在加载情况下弹塑性变形的影响规律。试验得出：对于钢管混凝土,膨胀剂掺量有一极值,而并非呈线性关系;掺加膨胀剂后钢管混凝土构件提高了韧性,降低了脆性,起到了“增韧减脆”的作用。     

基于粒子群-遗传优化算法的船舶避碰决策

为能在开阔水域中提升船舶驾驶员在多船会遇场景下的避碰决策能力,按照国际海上避碰规则(Convention on the International Regulations for Prerenting Collisions at Sea,COLREGs)的要求,综合考虑船舶航行的安全性与经济性,提出一种基于粒子群-遗传(Partide Swam Optimization-Genetic Algorithm,PSO-GA)的混合优化避碰决策算法。基于最近会遇距离(Distance of Close Point of Approaching,dCPA)和最近会遇时间(Time to Close Point of Approaching,tCPA)确定船舶碰撞危险度(Collision Risk Index,ICR)的计算方法,基于转向幅度与航行时间建立避碰决策目标函数。基于PSO-GA算法具有提高收敛精度和加速全局寻优的特点,当ICR≥0.5时,启动PSO-GA算法,获得让路船舶在全局范围内的最佳转向幅度和在新航向上的航行时间。仿真结果表明:与单独使用PSO或GA算法相比,PSO-GA算法能够以较少的迭代次数找到安全经济避碰航线。提出的避碰决策算法能够为船舶驾驶人员在避碰决策中提供参考,有助于提升船舶航行的安全性和降低船舶碰撞事故发生的风险。