丰田公司混合动力车用新款直列4 缸1. 8 L ESTEC 2ZR-FXE汽油机

第四代Prius 车用的发动机沿用了第三代车用2ZR FXE 发动机的基本结构,并采用了各种改进措施来提高燃油效率。被称作ESTEC 2ZR FXE 的新发动机,在降低摩擦的同时,采用了各种提高燃油效率的技术来改善燃烧特性、减少爆燃、优化热管理。由于采用了这种注重细节的方法来提高燃油效率,使得ESTEC 2ZR FXE 发动机成为世界上首款最高热效率达到40%的汽油机。介绍此款发动机采用的提高燃油效率的技术。     

未来链传动和皮带传动的竞争

在设计内燃机时,选择正时传动系统的技术是1项关键的决策,它会对发动机的最终结构和组装尺寸等发动机的总体特性起到决定性作用。对于乘用车发动机,主要有2种主流的正时传动技术:齿形皮带和链条传动。两者都有几种派生变型式,例如,干式皮带和湿式皮带传动,或者齿形链和滚子链。研究了这些技术对发动机关键特征(主要包括组装尺寸、成本、质量、耐久性、噪声-振动-平顺性和摩擦损失产生的不同影响)。根据从最近发动机开发项目中收集到的数据和文献研究获取的数据,以及来自零部件供应行业的数据,进行了尽可能的定量评价。根据当前和预期的未来发动机开发趋势,对这些不同的影响进行了综合评述,以期在未来几年里为发动机设计师选择合适的正时传动技术提供基础。     

Effect of ABCA1-V771M polymorphism on plasma lipid levels and its relationship with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease

Objective To explore the risk association of ABCA1-V771M polymorphism with coronary heart disease (CHD) in Hart nationality in Northwest of China. Methods With case-control study, ABCA1-V771M polymorphism was detected in 204 unrelated Hart nationality people in Northwest of China, and all the subjects by coronary angiography were grouped into 106 cases and 98 controls. The genotypes and alleles frequency distribution of ABCA1-V771M polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR-RFLP analysis, and the clinical statistics of serum lipids were compared and its effects of ABCA1-V771M polymorphism on the plasma lipid levels and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease were analyzed. Results The genotypic frequencies of ABCA1-V771M polymorphism matched well under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05), V and M allelic frequencies were 33.3% and 66.7%. In comparison with VV VM genotype carriers, MM genotypes carriers had much lower plasma levels of HDL-C (P<0. 001) and much higher plasma levels of TG (P<0. 05). M allelic frequency in CHD group was significantly higher than V allelic frequency (P<0. 05). M allele was related with more severity of atherosclerosis in the coronary artery than V allele (P<0.05). However, there was no obvious difference in the incidence of AMI among carriers with three genotypes of ABCA1-V771M polymorphism (P>0.05). Conclusion ABCA1-V771M polymorphism was not only associated with the plasma levels of HDL-C and TG, but also related to the susceptibility and severity of coronary atheroselerotic heart disease. Moreover, M771 allele appeared to be atherogenie among Han population in Northwest of China.     

低阻通风船体的远程控制测试平台开发（英文）

This paper addresses the development and testing of a remotely controlled boat platform with an innovative air-ventilated hull. The application of air cavities on the underside of ship hulls is a promising means for reducing hydrodynamic drag and pollutant emissions and increasing marine transportation efficiency. Despite this concept’s potential, design optimization and high-performance operation of novel air-cavity ships remain a challenging problem. Hull construction and sensor instrumentation of the model-scale air-cavity boat is described in the paper. The modular structure of the hull allows for easy modifications, and an electric propulsion unit enables self-propelled operation. The boat is controlled remotely via a radio transmission system. Results of initial tests are reported, including thrust, speed, and airflow rate in several loading conditions. The constructed platform can be used for optimizing air-cavity systems and testing other innovative hull designs. This system can be also developed into a high-performance unmanned boat.     

调车内燃机车用TK18B-57型涡轮增压器

介绍了TK18B-57型涡轮增压器的技术特点;得出了装用该型增压器的8ДМ-21/21型柴油机的试验结果;给出了柴油机流体特性及在所有工况下的参数变化图表.     

高速列车新型制动系统

从最初在原苏联到后来在俄罗斯,高速列车制动系统的研制工作已历经40余年。在此期间开发、研制并通过试验的列车有:РТ2000型、ЭР200型、Сокол型、涅夫斯基高速列车、反向牵引机车。所列这些机车车辆均具有保证安全运行所必需的设备:统一型“牵引—制动”控制器、快速作用式电空制动机、再生电阻制动机、磁轨和盘形制动机、防滑行装置、空气弹簧等。Сокол型高速列车的电空制动系统已通过了250km/h速度的试验。制动机微机控制和仪器工况诊断系统已在地铁列车和РА1型内燃动车上应用了10多年。本文介绍了由制动设备设计院为速度达300km/h、节数较少的高速列车和地铁列车开发的新型制动系统的结构、功能及主要技术参数。     

140 km/h大吨位集装箱平车的制动系统

介绍了最高运行速度可达140 km/h的"快速"大吨位集装箱平车制动试验的过程和结果,提出了改进这种远景平车制动系统的建议.     

使用有限元分析以改善重载运输车轴

分析了北美铁路货运发生的车轴故障,介绍了使用有限元对F级和K级车轴进行应力分析计算,研究车轴尺寸变化对应力的影响,并提出了改善重载车轴设计的建议.     

CA-3型自动车钩装置钩尾销的疲劳寿命

介绍了俄罗斯4家工厂生产的CA-3型自动车钩钩尾销的试验台试验结果,并指出为提高运行安全性,有必要采用钩尾销疲劳特性的规范要求.     

机车轴承部件车载诊断系统

文内介绍了以АРП-11型轴承寿命分析仪为基础的机车轴承部件车载诊断系统的作用、结构和使用结果。