南海海区航标遥测遥控现状及未来发展的思考

文中对南海海区航标遥测系统现状和未来发展进行分析思考,提出建议,以期未来遥测遥控系统成为航标维护管理现代化的重要手段。     

管道惯性测绘系统研制及应用

针对管道中心线地理坐标信息的测量需求,基于惯性导航原理,研制了以管道内检测器为载体的管道中心线测绘内检测设备,并将其与漏磁内检测器结合进行工程应用。选取了5处已知点对测绘结果进行了验证,测绘结果和实际验证结果表明:研制的惯性导航内检测器能够准确测绘管道中心线轨迹坐标,在校验点间距约为2 km时,5个距校验点约1 km的已知点的平均测绘误差约为1.8 m;通过将惯性导航检测器与漏磁检测器的组合使用,可有效获取管道缺陷的地理坐标信息,提高了管道内检测缺陷检测定位的精度。     

熔融石英砂动力特性动三轴试验

为探究振动荷载作用下熔融石英砂液化破坏过程中动变形和动强度变化规律, 促进透明土技术在岩土工程动力特性可视化模型试验中的推广和应用, 对构成透明砂土骨架结构的典型粒径(0.5~1.0 mm)熔融石英砂开展饱和试样动三轴试验; 研究了不同围压、加载频率和动应力比等试验条件下熔融石英砂试样的累积轴向应变、动孔压发展模式、动应力衰减、动弹性模量和阻尼比的变化规律, 并将试验结果与相同级配的标准砂进行了对比。分析结果表明: 熔融石英砂累积轴向应变随动应力比的增大呈现出由稳定型向破坏型转变的趋势, 加载频率为0.5~1.5 Hz时, 临界动应力比为0.150~0.175, 小于标准砂的0.200~0.225;升高围压、增大动应力比、降低加载频率会加快试样塑性应变累积, 缩短液化破坏时间; 熔融石英砂孔压发展模式随围压增大逐渐由Seed孔压模型向指数型过渡, 增大加载动应力会加剧液化破坏后孔压的振动幅度; 相同动应力比下, 熔融石英砂与标准砂的动应力与动应变呈现线性相关, 在围压大于200 kPa时, 二者动应力衰减幅度随围压的增大而逐渐减小; 熔融石英砂的动弹性模量和阻尼比表现为线性关系, 动弹性模量随动应变的增大呈现出双曲线型减小的趋势, 并随围压的增大而增大; 阻尼比随动应变的增加先增大后基本稳定在0.22, 发展曲线受围压影响较小。      

汽油发动机的尾气分析与应用

汽油发动机尾气中主要成份为HC、CO、CO2、NOX、O2等。本文分析了尾气的形成、特征和超标排放原因,以及尾气检测原理和标准,通过几例本人在工作中的实例,说明尾气检测在维修实践中所起到的重要作用,可供维修单位检测参考。     

Estimation of delay variability at signalized intersections for urban arterial performance evaluation

Urban arterial performance evaluation has been broadly studied, with the major focus on average travel time estimation. However, in view of the stochastic nature of interrupted flow, the ability to capture the characteristics of travel time variability has become a critical step in determining arterial level of service (LOS). This article first presents a stochastic approach that integrates classic cumulative curves and probability theories in order to investigate delay variability at signalized intersections, as a dominant part of the link travel time variability. This serves as a basis for arterial travel time estimation, which can be obtained through a convolution of individual link travel time distributions. The proposed approach is then applied in the estimation of travel time along one arterial in Shanghai, China, with abundant automatic vehicle identification (AVI) data sources. The travel time variability is evaluated thoroughly at 30-min intervals, with promising results achieved in comparison to the field measurements. In addition, the estimated travel time distributions are utilized to illustrate the probability of multiple LOS ranges, namely, reliability LOS. The results provide insights into how we might achieve a more reliable and informative understanding of arterial performance.     

Robust control for four-wheel-independent-steering electric vehicle with steer-by-wire system

A four-wheel-independent-steering (4WIS) electric vehicle (EV) with steer-by-wire (SBW) system is proposed in this paper. The fast terminal sliding mode controller (FTSMC) is designed for the SBW system to suppress external disturbances. Taking unstructured and structured uncertainties into consideration, a robust controller is designed for the 4WIS EV utilizing μ synthesis approach and the controller order reduction is implemented based on Hankel-Norm approximation. Since sideslip angle is the feedback signal of robust controller and it is hard to measure, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) is employed to estimate sideslip angle. To evaluate the vehicle performance with the designed control system, step and sinusoidal steering maneuvers are simulated and analyzed. Simulation results show that the designed control system have good tracking ability, strong robust stability and good robust performance to improve vehicle stability and handing performance.     

约束对隧道二次衬砌早期温度应力分布的影响

为了解决隧道工程渗水问题,基于某隧道工程,采用MIDAS-GEN对其二次衬砌早期模筑混凝土进行非稳定温度应力场以及周围约束进行研究。研究结果表明:约束可以改变隧道的早期拉应力场的分布,具有外围约束的隧道二次衬砌的拉应力为隧道厚度中间最大,无约束隧道的拉应力为外部最大,约束可以减小隧道外部区域的拉应力,使得远离约束区域的拉应力变大,而无约束隧道的拉应力分布与之相反。根据温度应力分布特点,建议在设计方面适当增大二次衬砌中间与外侧的配筋,在施工方面减小初期支护与二次砌衬之间约束等。     

基于发动机台架考核方法的气缸盖高周疲劳特性研究

依据发动机台架考核规范,运用疲劳强度理论,对某铸铁气缸盖进行高周疲劳强度评估。明确温度和应力随考核工况改变的变化行为,研究气缸盖各区域受工作载荷的影响状况,为缸盖寿命评估模型提供载荷边界。结合疲劳理论,在考虑材料修正的基础上进行了疲劳特性分析和损伤状况分析。分析表明,气缸盖各区域的疲劳安全系数均大于1,视为安全,但冷却钻孔区域的安全裕度较小。