汽车可靠性分析概述

汽车可靠性涉及汽车设计、试验、制造、运输、贮存、使用及车辆维护等内容,是汽车产品性能的重要指标之一。汽车可靠性分析在可靠性研究中扮演着重要角色[1],在此基础上,文章首先梳理了国内外汽车的可靠性发展历程;其次,对不同的可靠性分析方法进行了介绍;然后,对汽车可靠性设计进行了简要说明;最后,文章对我国汽车可靠性现状进行了总结与展望。     

Identifying multiclass vehicles using global positioning system data

It has been previously evidenced that global positioning system (GPS) data can be used to distinguish passenger cars from delivery trucks. In this paper, a machine learning approach is proposed to use GPS data to identify multiclass vehicles, including passenger cars, single unit trucks, and multi-trailer trucks. The method is acceleration and deceleration-based since it considers the variations of acceleration and deceleration as the most effective features to classify vehicles. The overall classification result for the three vehicle classes is about 75%. The major challenge is to distinguish single unit trucks from multitrailer trucks due to their somewhat similar mobility patterns. The paper also explores the impacts of GPS sampling frequency on vehicle classification. It is found that the proposed multiclass vehicle classification can be reasonably conducted if the data are collected frequently enough (i.e., every five seconds or more frequently) to capture the major acceleration and deceleration processes. The proposed method can be considered as a low-cost and non-intrusive approach to collect vehicle class information and to potentially supplement the existing classification schemes in urban areas.     

城市道路沥青路面产生不平整的原因及处理措施

随着我国国民经济的不断发展,城市道路沥青路面的建设快速增加,同时对路面平整度要求越来越高。近几年,茂名市市政工程总公司所施工的油城三至六路、茂水路、光华路和羊坡公路沥青路面工程,不同程度地出现了波浪、接缝台阶、桥涵与路面接口不平、坑洼等路面不平整现象。该文就其最主要的路基质量、桥头涵洞两端及桥梁伸缩缝的处理、路面基层质量等问题,探讨其产生的原因及处理措施可供同行参考。     

Diel changes in vertical overlap between Cyclops strenuus (Copepoda; Cyclopoida) and its prey in oligotrophic Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan

The vertical distribution of Cyclops strenuus and its prey, and the gut contents of C. strenuus were investigated at 3 h intervals over 24 h periods in the pelagic area of oligotrophic Lake Toya in May, August and October 1992. C. strenuus showed slight diel vertical migration (DVM) in May, but did not migrate and was always distributed below 15 m in August and October, the thermally stratified period. This suggests that the DVM is strongly influenced by the development of the thermocline, which the copepod may not be able to cross. Gut content analyses revealed that in Lake Toya it is omnivorous, and that the dominant prey are cladocerans and Filinia longiseta. The number of prey remains in the gut varied with time, and the diel changes did not follow changes in prey density that take the vertical overlap between predator and prey into account. We argue that very low prey density associated with the oligotrophic nature of the lake would mask the relationship between prey density and the number of prey in the gut of the predator.     

A Two-Stage Optimization Model for Staggered Work Hours

Traditional or standard work schedules refer to the requirement that workers must be at work the same days and during the same hours each day. This requirement constrains work-related trip arrivals, and generates morning and afternoon peak hours due to the concentration of work days and/or work hours. Alternative work schedules seek to reschedule work activities away from this traditional requirement. The aim is to flatten the peak hours by spreading the demand (i.e., assigning it to the shoulders of the peak hour), lowering the peak demand. This not only would reduce societal costs but also can help to minimize the physical requirements. In this article, a two-stage optimization model is presented to quantify the effects of staggered work hours under incentive policies. In the first stage, a variation of the generalized quadratic assignment problem is used to represent the firm’s assignment of workers to different work starting times. This is the input of a nonlinear complementarity problem that captures the behavior of the users of the transportation network who are seeking to overcome the constraints imposed by working schedules (arrival times). Two examples are provided to show how the model can be used to (a) quantify the effects and response of the firm to external incentives and (b) evaluate what type of arrangements in starting times are to be made in order to achieve a social optimum.     

车门外把手设计开发

本文主要针对乘用车车门外把手的设计方法进行探讨。通过归纳分析车门外把手的典型结构形式、其与周边相关各部件的匹配关系及其试验验证方法,提出了车门外把手设计流程及思路,总结了车门外把手设计开发方法及要点,以保证车门外把手开发的准确性。     

中海九华山浮船坞的结构设计

介绍了中海九华山大型浮船坞的结构设计特点.分析了旧油轮结构状况及所改建浮船坞的结构设计详情.对改建后的浮船坞结构强度进行了实船操作验证.     

Complex Network Topology of Transportation Systems

ABSTRACT

As a strategic factor for a country to survive in the global competition, transportation systems have attracted extensive attention from different disciplines for a long time. Since the introduction of complex network theory in the last decade, however, studies on transport systems have witnessed dramatic progress. Most roads, streets, and rails are organized as a network pattern, while link flows, travel time, or geographical distance are regarded as weights. In this article, the authors will present the current state of topological research on transportation systems under a complex network framework, as well as the efforts and challenges that have been made in the last decade. First, different kinds of transportation systems should be generalized as networks in different ways, which will be explained in the first part of this paper. We follow this by summarizing network measures that describe topological characteristics of transportation networks. Then we discuss the empirical observations from the last decade on real transportation systems at a variety of spatial scales. This paper concludes with some important challenges and open research frontiers in this field.     

Experiments and thermal-electrical analysis of buss bar and relay assemblies in junction blocks

A junction block (or electrical distribution box) is electrical equipment that has been densely assembled from components such as buss bars, relays, and fuses to control the electric current flow in vehicles. Joule heat is generated in these parts as a result of electrical bulk resistance and electrical contact resistance. The generation of heat increases due to the complex behavior of modern vehicle electronic systems. Overheated parts can be damaged during operation due to thermal energy. The thermal assessment of a junction block is an important issue in automobile development. We suggest a methodology to simulate the transient temperature distribution of buss bars and electrical relays in a junction block. A finite element formulation of a coupled electro-thermal problem, which includes the effect of Joule heating, is introduced to the simulation. Finite element analysis (FEA) and experiments at the component level of buss bars and relays are conducted to investigate the thermal performance of a junction block. To verify the accuracy of the FEA procedure, the temperature history obtained by FEA is compared with the results obtained from experiments. The thermal-electric analysis of a typical junction block assembly is also discussed.     

后背门气弹簧设计探析

本文首先论述了压缩式气弹簧的结构以及工作原理。以后背门气弹簧布置为例,详细阐述了气弹簧的布置型式;安装点的位置和最大开启角度的确定;有效行程和最小支撑力的计算。