用于溢油回收的“南海环保工作船”的设计

介绍了上海船舶研究设计院为中海能源环保公司设计的用于回收溢油的“南海环保工作船”的主要性能技术状况.通过对溢油回收船的概念和开发设计要点的描述,结合“南海环保工作船”的设计对溢油回收船设计中需要关注的主要关键技术进行了分析比较,并着重介绍了各种溢油回收装置的型式的选取.     

Analysis and Potential Alternatives for the Disputed South China Sea from Ocean Governance in the Polar Regions

Sovereignty claims over insular features and maritime jurisdiction in the South China Sea have been disputed for decades, and a governance regime to address ocean-related issues is urgently needed. This article first introduces the notion of a regime, and examines details of cooperation mechanisms in the Polar Regions. Lessons that can be applied to the South China Sea include that both soft and hard law regimes work to bring States concerned together to cooperate on the “commons” issues even when military conflicts or sovereignty disputes still exist. Consensus among bordering States would be necessary to make the South China Sea a “zone of peace.” Mechanisms that accommodate the various sovereignty claims and freeze existing and new claims to, as well as to prohibit military activities in, the South China Sea are recommended. Lastly, if a cooperative mechanism were to be established in the future, the Arctic regime would be more applicable to the South China Sea than the Antarctic regime due to their geographic nature. Thus, only States bordering the South China Sea should have voting and decision-making rights in the cooperative mechanism. As always, the political will of all parties is paramount to the success of such an endeavor.     

Winter–spring dynamics in sea-ice carbon cycling in the coastal Arctic Ocean

An understanding of microbial interactions in first-year sea ice on Arctic shelves is essential for identifying potential responses of the Arctic Ocean carbon cycle to changing sea-ice conditions. This study assessed dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC, POC), exopolymeric substances (EPS), chlorophyll a, bacteria and protists, in a seasonal (24 February to 20 June 2004) investigation of first-year sea ice and associated surface waters on the Mackenzie Shelf. The dynamics of and relationships between different sea-ice carbon pools were investigated for the periods prior to, during and following the sea-ice-algal bloom, under high and low snow cover. A predominantly heterotrophic sea-ice community was observed prior to the ice-algal bloom under high snow cover only. However, the heterotrophic community persisted throughout the study with bacteria accounting for, on average, 44% of the non-diatom particulate carbon biomass overall the study period. There was an extensive accumulation of sea-ice organic carbon following the onset of the ice-algal bloom, with diatoms driving seasonal and spatial trends in particulate sea-ice biomass. DOC and EPS were also significant sea-ice carbon contributors such that sea-ice DOC concentrations were higher than, or equivalent to, sea-ice-algal carbon concentrations prior to and following the algal bloom, respectively. Sea-ice-algal carbon, DOC and EPS-carbon concentrations were significantly interrelated under high and low snow cover during the algal bloom (r values ≥ 0.74, p < 0.01). These relationships suggest that algae are primarily responsible for the large pools of DOC and EPS-carbon and that similar stressors and/or processes could be involved in regulating their release. This study demonstrates that DOC can play a major role in organic carbon cycling on Arctic shelves.     

提高铁路信号施工工艺确保铁路信号系统运行质量

铁路信号施工工艺质量直接关系到铁路运输安全。在施工中通常存在电缆工程、轨旁信号设施与钢轨连接、轨道电路补偿电容的安装及电磁兼容、防雷、接地等方面的问题。针对上述问题,采用结构合理、密封性好、寿命长的免维护型地下电缆接续盒和高精度的专用打孔具;要求室内电缆不出现环状布置,屏蔽要可靠地屏蔽连接或接地。同时提高铁路信号施工行业内对施工工艺重要性的认识,制定完善、具体、统一的施工工艺标准,加强监督管理。     

Longitudinal Tire Dynamics

This article begins with a brief review of the traditional concept of lateral relaxation length. The review illustrates that this concept yields a useful approximation which can be used with semi-empirical tire models which assume lateral forces are a function of steady-state slip angles. The article then presents an analogous derivation for longitudinal slip. Like its lateral counterpart, the derivation yields an approximation for transient longitudinal slip which can be used with tire models which assume longitudinal forces are a function of steady-state longitudinal slip. It is shown that, like the relaxation-length-based lateral slip angle, this formulation for longitudinal slip yields the ability to compute shear forces at the tire/road interface for either high or low speed applications, a necessary feature of simulations which support human in the loop driving simulation. Like traditional kinematically-based longitudinal slip, the transient formulation presented here is coupled with the wheel spin equation, and it shares the characteristic that it is very stiff compared to the equations of vehicle motion. This characteristic is a challenge impeding the real-time calculations required for driving simulation. The paper shows that local linearization of the wheel spin equations coupled with analytical solutions of the transient longitudinal slip formulation provide the basis for both insight into the longitudinal dynamics of the tire and for integrating the model in real-time.     

Port development within the framework of Malaysia's transport policy: some considerations

There is disjunction between the national port policy and the national transport policy in Malaysia, as the latter, for much of its time, focused on national integration rather than trade facilitation. During Malaysia's concentration on national integration, it relied on Singapore as its main port. This allowed Singapore to develop as a centre of transport for Malaysian trade. To break Singapore's stranglehold on its cargo and to make Port Klang a regional hub port, Malaysia must reconcile its national transport and port policies, with the main aim of facilitating trade. In view of the strong presence of transnational corporations in its trade and the fact that world trade today is based on reciprocity, Malaysia may have to consider a more laissez faire approach with regard to port development.     

航母水下防御研究

水下防御是航母作战的重点和难点.为了解航母水下防御作战的发展现状,从水下防御作战的战斗编成出发,分析航母水下防御作战的特点,指出当前航母水下防御作战存在的不足并提出改进措施.     

规范合同评审 追求持续改进

1问题的提出 在国际货代行业,合同评审主要有协议书的评审和国际货物运输委托书的评审.而其中委托书的评审,由于涉及到每票具体业务,委托人委托运输的运费、杂费、预付、到付、航班、目的港、货物的重量、体积、件数等都通过每一票具体的委托书反映出来,受托人的确认也在其中表示出来.