舰船噪声源近场聚焦波束形成定位方法

阐述了船噪声源近场聚焦波束形成定位方法,给出舰船辐射噪声的近场范围,并使用MVDR方法针对单频信号进行了仿真计算。计算结果表明,对于线谱声源情况,在声源频率较高的情况下,该方法定位效果较好;在声源频率较低的情况下,该方法定位效果很差。     

Air pollution history elucidated from anthropogenic spherules and their magnetic signatures in marine sediments offshore of Southwestern Taiwan

Kaohsiung City and its neighborhood in the southwestern coastal plain of Taiwan have suffered serious air pollution since the region became the largest center for heavy-industry on the island. In order to unravel the air pollution history of the region, four ²¹⁰Pb- and ¹³⁷Cs-dated sediment box cores recovered in 2006 from offshore of this area were chosen for magnetic and petrographic analyses. The data were used to distinguish changes in concentration, composition and grain size of magnetic particles in the sediments due to inputs of anthropogenic magnetic spherules. Sedimentation rates have been reasonably constant for the last one hundred years, except at the core tops which were affected by a turbidite layer induced by a typhoon in 2005. Down-core profiles of mass-specific magnetic susceptibility (χ) and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) are similar among the cores, and reflect similar trends to magnetic spherule counts. This reveals that χ and SIRM of modern marine sediments can be used as air pollution indicators for nearby industrialized upwind areas. The studied record indicates that industrialization of the area was gradual during 1950–1980 and boomed afterward, resulting in a high production of airborne magnetic spherules, which is consistent with evidence for poor air quality at that time. Optical and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) surveys of magnetic extracts indicate that the magnetic spherules have grain sizes ranging from a few micrometers up to 50 μm and consist mainly of iron oxides with variable Si, Al, and Ca contents. X-ray diffraction analysis on magnetic extracts from different depths in the cores further indicates that magnetite and pyrrhotite, which are derived from terrigenous detritus, form the magnetic constituents of the sediments before the area was industrialized. In contrast, during the industrial boom, anthropogenic magnetite and hematite spherules became the dominant magnetic particles in the sediments. Down-core profiles of hard isothermal remanent magnetization (HIRM) below the turbidite layer also reveal similar trends to the corresponding magnetic spherule counts, which indicate that the concentration of hematite in the sediments is also closely related to the extent of air pollution. In addition, relatively low values of χ_ARM/χ, which are indicative of coarse magnetic grains, started to occur when large magnetite spherules became significant during the industrialized period. The air pollution history elucidated from our sediment core data not only reflects the development of Kaohsiung from a small village to a highly industrialized metropolitan area in the 20th century, but it is also consistent with the most recent air pollution trends revealed by real time air quality measurements of PM₁₀. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of magnetic parameters for delineating the air pollution history of coastal marine sediments down-wind of nearby industrialized regions.     

浅谈城市公共交通存在的问题及建议——以兰州市为例

目前,城市公共交通中存在很多问题,单纯依靠道路建设和交通管理来扩大路网供应能力不能解决交通拥挤问题,交通需求总是趋于超过道路供给。如果没有有效的措施来抑制个体交通的拥有和使用,将导致城市交通的全面恶化。因此,在完善道路网络的同时,必须尽快建立有竞争力的公共交通体系,支持城市的可持续发展。     

集中排烟隧道近火源顶板热参数理论预测

由于集中排烟模式能较好地控制上下游烟气的扩散范围,故被广泛应用于长大隧道设计中。文章针对小尺度火灾,建立了集中排烟隧道火源热烟羽受限发展理论模型,与已有火灾实验结果进行对比,完成了理论模型的验证,预测了顶板下方最高烟气温升、偏移距离等热参数。预测结果表明:火灾强度一定时,烟气最大温升随等效风速增加而急剧下降,且火灾强度对烟气温升的影响也较为显著;当等效风速超过1.5 m/s时,最大温升变化趋缓直至恒定;等效风速较小时,羽流未发生明显偏移,随着等效风速进一步增大,偏移距离明显增大,其变化速率随火灾强度的增大而减小。经回归整理得到了顶板下方烟气最大温升、偏移距离的无量纲准则关联式。     

四面六边透水框架自动同步抛投装置与工艺

针对四面六边透水框架抛投效率低、成本高、准确度低、存在安全隐患等问题,建立四面六边透水框架抛投漂移距离的数学模型,得出抛投高度、水深、水流速度、透水框架阻水面积等参数对漂移距离的影响规律。提出一种大框架、多转轴的空中自动同步脱钩抛投吊具,增加每次抛投透水框架的数量,并采用GPS引导抛投船舶精准定位,对抛投作业过程进行实时控制。结果表明,此种抛投装置可提高透水框架抛投的准确性,且提高施工效率。     

复杂流态下长江深槽岸坡沙袋防护设计与施工

复杂流态下长江深槽岸坡最适用的防护形式为抛石,但受块石来源枯竭影响,亟需寻找合适的防护材料。在长江南京段已有的工程实践基础上,首次采用沙袋对复杂流态河段长江深槽岸坡进行防护。介绍长江南京八卦洲头右缘深槽岸坡防护工程的结构断面、沙袋体型、充填料、土工织物等有关设计情况。针对如何确保沙袋抛投落点位置准确这一关键问题进行分析研究,采取了优选施工船舶、合理分层分区、生产性试验、二次定位法、动态量测修正、加密检测频次等解决措施,确保了工程质量,为类似工程提供依据。     

对城市轨道交通建设项目全过程投资控制必要性的认识

针对近年来城市轨道交通建设项目投资控制方面存在的问题,介绍了如何在轨道交通建设项目设计咨询、设计和施工阶段实施全过程投资控制的主要内容,强调了对轨道交通建设项目实行全过程投资控制的必要性,并提出了工程设计咨询、监理、审价等项目控制环节无法取代全过程投资控制的观点。     

岷江上游大型水电站运行对龙溪口下游航道枯水期水位和流量的影响

根据规划,岷江龙溪口—宜宾段将通过航道整治达到内河Ⅲ级航道标准.该河段多年历时保证率95％的流量仅能达到662 m3/s,但是岷江上游紫坪铺、瀑布沟等大型水电站的建成对下游河段通航流量产生了较大影响.根据紫坪铺水电站蓄水前、后高场水文站的径流、泥沙资料,分析紫坪铺等大型水电站建成后对下游河段水沙特性的影响,得知岷江上游...     

盐田港总体规划实施的环境影响研究

在对盐田港及附近区域环境质量现状调查、监测与评价的基础上,依据相关的环保法规与标准,集合区域社会、经济发展的规划目标,识别规划环境影响的主要因子,提出盐田港区总体规划开发过程中的主要环境问题,从而提出合理开发利用资源、调整经济发展格局及环保综合治理的措施和建议,用以指导建设生态型现代化的盐田港区。     

恶劣天气红外热成像行人检测方法研究

为了提高智能汽车在恶劣天气对行人检测的速度和精度,本文提出一种基于YOLO V4的红外热成像行人检测方法.通过迁移学习对YOLO V4模型进行再训练,可快速而准确地实现恶劣道路环境的行人检测.