海拔对铁路隧道内瞬变压力及车厢内乘坐舒适性的影响

利用计算流体力学软件FLUENT,基于三维可压缩、黏性、非定常流场数值模拟方法,建立隧道-空气-列车三维数值仿真模型.针对高海拔地区隧道空气动力学效应,研究列车以300 km/h的速度运行通过不同海拔隧道时产生的隧道内瞬变压力及车体表面瞬变压力的变化特征,分析大气压和温度等因素对瞬变压力的影响规律,得到海拔高度与瞬变压...     

The role of children’s independent mobility and social media use for face-to-face social interaction with friends

Transportation - Social interaction with friends is an important contributor to children’s well-being, but how transport affects this is rarely studied. For two or more children (not of the...     

政府干预与政策竞争:欧盟阻止船舶移籍的经验及其对中国的启示

从政策选择上对如何阻止长期以来困扰国际海运业的船舶移籍问题进行探讨，基于对国内外船舶移籍现状及其发展过程的分析，深入分析了欧盟成员国在阻止船舶移籍方面所采取的政府干预与政策竞争策略，指出了中国改善船舶移籍状况的政策取向。     

办公自动化环境下公文管理的Petri网模型

办公自动化系统是实现企业内部各部门之间办公信息的收集与处理、流动与共享、实现科学决策的信息系统.公文管理作为企业办公自动化系统的核心涉及到几乎所有的部门,文中在分析公文管理特点的基础上,以Petri网为描述手段,建立了企业办公自动化环境下收发文过程的Petri网模型,并利用矩阵方程对其进行了相关的分析和验证.     

自主水下航行器发展概述

自主水下航行器（AUVs）因其应用于海洋勘探而逐渐成为一个有趣的研究对象。波浪滑翔机是一种行驶于波浪表面的无人滑行器（SUV）,它借助海洋能来推动自己,这对于典型的AUVs所采用的电机供能以及昂贵的锚链系统浮标供
　　能来说,是一种技术上的重大跨越。该文讨论了最有效率的AUVs类型。第一部分为每一种类型的发展历程,第二部分为它们各自的技术特点。此外,波浪滑翔机作为应用于海洋部门的一种新型水下机器人,文中简要地给出它的过去,现在以及未来的发展概述。研究波浪滑翔机的意义在于证明它的效率以及实用性,进而取代诸多的AUVs来实现各种实际应用。而研究结果也表明波浪滑翔机确实可以应用于众多领域。对于海洋检测而言,相比于其他AUVs,波浪滑翔机提供了更廉价,更经济,更环保的作业模式,同时也不需要缆绳、船舶等海上作业服务。     

Modification of the Highway Capacity Manual two‐lane highway analysis procedure for Spanish conditions

The US Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) methodology is used in Spain to evaluate traffic operation and quality of service. The effect of passing manoeuvre on two‐lane highway operational performance is considered through adjustment factors to average travel speeds and percent time spent following. The procedure is largely based on simulations in TWOPAS and passing behaviours observed during US calibrations in the 1970s. It is not clear whether US driving behaviour and vehicles' performance are comparable with Spanish conditions. The objective of this research is to adapt the HCM 2010 methodology to Spanish driver behaviour, for base conditions (i.e. no passing restrictions). To do so, TWOPAS was calibrated and validated based on current Spanish passing field data. The calibration used a genetic algorithm. The case study included an ideal two‐lane highway with varying directional traffic flow rate, directional split and percentage of trucks. The updated methodology for base conditions is simpler than the current HCM 2010 and does not rely on interpolation from tables. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于目标级联分析法的车下设备悬挂参数优化设计

为改善高速列车运行舒适度和车下悬挂设备的振动水平,建立了车辆-设备系统垂向动力学模型,推导了车辆系统振动加速度频率响应函数;结合轨道不平顺激励谱函数计算了车下悬挂设备振动加速度均方根,联合人体舒适度加权滤波函数计算了车体振动参考点的垂向舒适度指标;引入目标级联分析(ATC)法逐层分解车辆-设备系统振动指标,构建了车辆-设备系统两层指标分解数学模型,采用指数罚函数策略协调两层振动指标之间的耦合问题;提出了以车辆运行舒适度和车下悬挂设备振动加速度为指标的多目标优化方法,建立了以车下设备悬挂刚度和阻尼为设计变量的优化模型;联合车下设备悬挂参数动力吸振器(DVA)设计法对比探讨了ATC法在复杂车辆系统参数优化设计中的应用效果。分析结果表明:与DVA设计法相比,ATC法优化后车辆中部舒适度在300 km·h-1工况下提高了8.5%,设备振动水平减小了约20%;在全速域区间,ATC法对车体中部的振动衰减是DVA设计法的2倍,且对设备的振动衰减比DVA设计法大4.5 dB;与优化前相比,ATC法优化后车辆中部舒适度指标最大提升了15%,设备振动加速度减小了0.18 m·s-2。由此可见,ATC法可以运用于复杂轨道车辆结构参数优化设计中,能有效改善车辆系统的振动水平,也可为车下设备悬挂参数优化设计提供指导。      

The economics behind the awarding of terminals in seaports: Towards a research agenda

Terminal concessions in seaports have only recently gained interest in academic circles. Issues such as the allocation mechanisms (to be) used for granting those concessions, the determination of the concession term and concession fees, as well as the inclusion of special clauses aimed at assuring that the terminal operator will act in the interest of the port authority and the wider community, are increasingly relevant to both academics and the port industry. So far, insights from established economic theories have rarely been applied to terminal concessions in seaports. It, therefore, remains to be seen which kind of awarding procedure would be best for which type of terminal concession. This contribution provides a detailed overview of the different phases of the terminal awarding process, including a classification scheme for awarding procedures, and contains an extensive discussion on the economic issues that require further investigation. The paper concludes by proposing a comprehensive research agenda on the topic.     

Vibration transmission reduction from a centrifugal turbo blower in a fuel cell electric vehicle

This paper presents a multi-body flexible dynamic analysis of a centrifugal turbo blower for a fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) based on the application of computer-aided engineering (CAE) to predict the acceleration at the mount position of the blower. This predicted acceleration is validated by using the measured acceleration data. The numerical simulation for the multi-body flexible dynamics of the blower is used not only to identify the most effective mount among four mounts in an FCEV by controlling the complex stiffness of the isolator, but also to suggest the range of complex stiffness of the isolator at the most effective mount. This numerical simulation technology can be useful for the estimation of the variation of vibration transmission for the structural modification of the turbo blower.