Dynamics of inorganic nutrient species in the Bohai seawaters

Within the frame of a Sino-German Joint Research Program, two cruises of “R/V Dong Fang Hong 2” were carried out in September–October 1998 and April–May 1999, respectively, to understand the dynamics of nutrients in the Bohai. Nutrient species (NO₃⁻, NO₂⁻, NH₄⁺, PO₄³⁻ and SiO₃²⁻) are determined colorimetrically on board for five anchor and 30 grid stations. In situ incubation experiments are performed to determine planktonic nutrient uptake and benthic exchange flux. Nutrient concentrations display short-term variability and seasonal change in the Bohai, with higher levels in shallow coastal waters than in the Central Bohai. The influence of riverine discharge on nutrient levels can be seen from salinity isopleths, nutrient distribution and species ratios. Near-bottom (nb) waters have similar nutrient concentrations as to the surface waters in the Central Bohai, whereas stratification takes place in the Bohai Strait and North Yellow Sea. In situ incubation experiments provide evidence that the uptake ratio (i.e. N, P) by phytoplankton is proportional to the ratios among nutrient species in ambient waters. Based on the data of this study and previously publications, a preliminary estimate of nutrient budgets via riverine input and atmospheric deposition is established. The results indicate that atmospheric deposition gains importance over rivers in delivering nutrients into the Bohai and sustain the new production, following recent decrease in riverine inflow caused by drought periods in North China and damming practices. A historical review of nutrient data indicates that concentrations of nitrogen increase and phosphorus and silica decrease in the Central Bohai over last 40 years. This potentially has an important influence on the health of ecosystem in Bohai (e.g. food web and community structure), though further study is needed to examine the scenario in more detail.     

理解消费者对质量的定义

汽车产品的质量总是会受到巨大的关注。质量较差会导致财务成本的增加,这使得制造商把提升质量作为一项商业必要的手段。过去的数年中有无数方法和流程被用来减少浪费和消除缺陷 (比如6-Sigma法和TQM完全质量管理法)。我们并不缺少这样的衡量工具,来衡量因质量问题和返工而产生的负面经济效益。运用这些衡量工具能够理解质量对每辆车或者公司的盈利能力造成的影响,并且帮助公司取得显著的产品质     

基于条件的近岸风能维修策略综述（英文）

The existing maintenance strategies of offshore wind energy are reviewed including the specific aspects of condition-based maintenance, focusing on three primary phases, namely, condition monitoring, fault diagnosis and prognosis, and maintenance optimization. Relevant academic research and industrial applications are identified and summarized. The state of art, capabilities,and constraints of condition-based maintenance are analyzed. The presented research demonstrates that the intelligent-based approach has become a promising solution for condition recognition, and an integrated data platform for offshore wind farms is significant to optimize the maintenance activities.     

两类锚泊系统在漂浮式双体浮动式波能转换装置垂荡运动状态下的性能（英文）

This work investigated the influence of two types of mooring systems on the hydrodynamic performance of a two-body floating wave energy converter(WEC). It also investigated the effects of the physical parameters of the mooring system on the amount of extractable power from incident waves in the frequency domain. The modeled converter comprised a floating body(a buoy), a submerged body with two mooring systems, and a coupling system for two bodies. The coupling system was a simplified power take-off system that was modeled by a linear spring-damper model. The tension leg mooring system could drastically affect the heave motion of the submerged body of the model and increase relative displacement between the two bodies. The effects of the stiffness parameter of the mooring system on power absorption exceeded those of the pretension tendon force.     

Review of Condition-Based Maintenance Strategies for Offshore Wind Energy

Journal of Marine Science and Application - The existing maintenance strategies of offshore wind energy are reviewed including the specific aspects of condition-based maintenance, focusing on three...     

Discussing the “positive utilities” of autonomous vehicles: will travellers really use their time productively?

ABSTRACT

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are expected to reshape travel behaviour and demand in part by enabling productive uses of travel time—a primary component of the “positive utility of travel” concept—thus reducing subjective values of travel time savings (VOT). Many studies from industry and academia have assumed significant increases in travel time use and reductions in VOT for AVs. In this position paper, I argue that AVs’ VOT impacts may be more modest than anticipated and derive from a different source. Vehicle designs and operations may limit activity engagement during travel, with AV users feeling more like car passengers than train riders. Furthermore, shared AVs may attenuate travel time use benefits, and productivity gains could be limited to long-distance trips. Although AV riders will likely have greater activity participation during travel, many in-vehicle activities today may be more about coping with commuting burdens than productively using travel time. Instead, VOT reductions may be more likely to arise from a different “positive utility”—subjective well-being improvements through reduced stresses of driving or the ability to relax and mentally transition. Given high uncertainty, further empirical research on the experiential, time use, and VOT impacts of AVs is needed.     

Rising Sea Levels: Helping Decision-Makers Confront the Inevitable

Sea-level rise (SLR) is not just a future trend; it is occurring now in most coastal regions across the globe. It thus impacts not only long-range planning in coastal environments, but also emergency preparedness. Its inevitability and irreversibility on long time scales, in addition to its spatial non-uniformity, uncertain magnitude and timing, and capacity to drive non-stationarity in coastal flooding on planning and engineering timescales, create unique challenges for coastal risk-management decision processes. This review assesses past United States federal efforts to synthesize evolving SLR science in support of coastal risk management. In particular, it outlines the: (1) evolution in global SLR scenarios to those using a risk-based perspective that also considers low-probability but high-consequence outcomes, (2) regionalization of the global scenarios, and (3) use of probabilistic approaches. It also describes efforts to further contextualize regional scenarios by combining local mean sea-level changes with extreme water level projections. Finally, it offers perspectives on key issues relevant to the future uptake, interpretation, and application of sea-level change scenarios in decision-making. These perspectives have utility for efforts to craft standards and guidance for preparedness and resilience measures to reduce the risk of coastal flooding and other impacts related to SLR.     

Short run fare elasticities for Bogotá’s BRT system: ridership responses to fare increases

Transportation - The fare policy of the BRT system in Bogotá, in order to cover its operating costs, has consisted of steadily fare increases, since its creation until 2012. To date, no study...     

Research and design of ship-shore integrated engine room intelligent operation and maintenance system based on data brain北大核心CSCD

[目的]为提升舰船机舱运维的智能化水平,针对机舱设备种类多、数量大、耦合关系复杂等特点,梳理机舱运维智能化应用的技术路线,开发船岸一体化机舱智能运维系统。[方法]首先,分析国内外机舱智能运维技术的发展趋势,融合利用健康管理、大数据挖掘、数字孪生、数据轻量化传输等技术优势;然后,设计符合舰船机舱特点的一体化智能运维系统。[结果]提出了一种基于数据大脑赋能的机舱智能运维系统功能框架、平台设计、运行体系、运行流程及关键技术应用。[结论]研究成果可为舰船机舱智能运维系统设计及应用实践提供参考。     

A study of jack-up leg drag coefficients

The accurate prediction of drag coefficients for truss-type jack-up legs is an important part of a unit's design. Over the past 14 years, a series of windtunnel tests have been conducted on both square and triangular cross-section leg configurations. A calculation method which closely fits the model test data has also been adopted. A previous paper described the early testing and the MMEC calculation method for square legs. Since then, testing and research have continued on both square and triangular leg designs. This paper describes the more recent testing performed on square legs, and it details the testing and the MMEC method for triangular legs. In addition, the effects of cornerpost design and surface roughness are discussed. Several example calculations are provided in Appendices.