舰载特种起重机的时间-能量综合最优控制

舰载特种起重机是我国正在研制开发的多关节、可折叠式船用起重机。研究它的高效节能运行模式，也就是时间－能量综合最优控制意义重大，本文通过引入加权变量得到舰载特种起重机的时间－能量综合最优性能指标，证明了综合最优解的结构，并进一步提出了“预测平均动态理论”概念，应用此理论处理了舰载特种起重机的非线性和耦合，最终设计了反馈形式的时间－能量综合最优控制器。仿真的结果验证了此设计方法的正确有效性。     

水下航行器热动力推进系统的非线性变结构控制仿真研究

在对水下航行器热动力推进系统非线性模型进行合理简化的基础上，首次采用趋近律法设计了水下航行器变速变深运动的动力推进系统变结构控制器，并进行了数字仿真，仿真结果表明，所设计的控制器控制精度高，抑制抖振效果显著，且该方法物理概念清晰，算法简单，易于实现，对水下航行器热动力推进系统控制的工况应用有实用价值。     

横甩研究概况与发展方向

介绍了非线性动力学理论在船舶横甩研究中的应用，总结了近年来横甩研究的主要方法和结论，最后指出了横甩问题尚需深入研究的几个方面。     

武汉至合肥铁路(安徽段)项目

1 项目概况 武汉-合肥铁路位于湖北省东部、安徽省中西部,连接鄂皖两省省会,沟通长江中下游地区,系国家一级铁路干线,设计时速200km,预留250 km/h及以上条件.本线的定位是以客为主,兼顾货运,是规划"四纵四横"快速客运网和沪汉蓉铁路通道的组成部分.     

Patterns in diversity and community structure of epipelagic copepods from the Brazil–Malvinas Confluence area, south-western Atlantic

Diversity and structure of epipelagic copepod communities were investigated using 70 zooplankton samples collected from the top 50 m of the Brazil–Malvinas Confluence area between 35° and 55°S. Biogeographic patterns were investigated using multivariate analysis. Biodiversity patterns were examined using different univariate indexes. Representatives of 35 species of copepods from 23 genera and 13 families were found. Two zones were delimited based on their copepod composition, one in the subtropical waters of the Brazil current, and the other in the subantarctic waters of the Malvinas current. Both environments displayed contrasting patterns of biodiversity depending upon which element is measured (regional species richness as well as mean point species richness were significantly higher in the subtropical group of stations, whereas taxonomic distinctness was significantly higher in the subantarctic community). Based on these contrasting results, we suggest the use of both kind of indexes when defining priority areas for conservation.     

Shape Optimization of Elliptical Road Containers Due to Liquid Load in Steady-State Turning

A numerical analysis of liquid load in elliptical road containers undergoing a steady-state turning manoeuvre is presented for containers of unrestricted size and for containers of fixed capacity. The liquid load is expressed in terms of the horizontal and vertical forces and the overturning moment created by these forces around the middle bottom point of the container. The moment is obtained by integrating the liquid free-surface equation and using numerical calculation of the resulting expressions. An optimization study with an objective to minimize the peak overturning moment is performed on containers of fixed capacity to identify the optimal height/width ratio of the container. The results of this investigation being of a general nature, i.e. with no restriction for an application, are particularly intended for road tankers under a steady turning manoeuvre, where they can be applied with high degree of accuracy.     

Young drivers and graduated licensing: The Ontario case

Despite improvements in road safety over the past several decades, accident rates remain high for young drivers. One accident countermeasure that is expected to improve the safety record of this group is graduated licensing. The philosophy behind this licensing system is that novice drivers, of whom the majority are young, should be restricted to relatively safe driving environments during the initial learning period. Graduated licensing was implemented in the Province of Ontario, Canada in 1994. The objective of this study is to estimate the potential benefits and costs for young drivers associated with two components of the Ontario graduated licensing package: the late-night driving curfew and the high-speed roadway restrictions. Based on accident and travel data for the year 1988, accident-involvement rates per kilometre driven were calculated for different driver groups for various combinations of time of day and roadway speed limit. These rates were then applied to the expected mobility profiles of young drivers affected by graduated licensing. The results of the study support the late-night curfew and suggest that this component of the licensing package should reduce total accident involvements for the affected group by up to 10 percent and fatal accident involvements by up to 24 percent, while reducing their total driving by only four percent. By contrast, the empirical evidence suggest that the high-speed roadway restrictions are likely to increase accident involvements, and thus it is strongly recommended that this component of Ontario's graduated licensing package be changed.     

舰船模块化设计中信息集成化的数据信息模型研究

介绍了产品集成信息模型的基本框架和用STEP标准建立构件模型和装配模型的方法，并以球面隔壁为对象给出构件模型和装配模型的实例。     

Dynamics of Tracked Vehicles

This paper provides a brief review of the state-of-the-art of tracked vehicle dynamics, including mobility over soft terrain, ride dynamics over rough surfaces and manoeuvrability. It is found that considerable progress has been made in the development of analytical frameworks for evaluating and predicting tracked vehicle mobility over soft terrain, taking into account the characteristics of terrain response to normal and shear loading. Certain computer simulation models for tracked vehicle mobility have been gaining increasingly wide acceptance by industry and governmental agencies in product development and in procurement. It is also found that most of the research on tracked vehicle ride dynamics and manoeuvrability is confined to operations on rigid surfaces. To achieve a realistic evaluation and prediction of the dynamic behaviour of tracked vehicles in the field, the key is to have a better understanding of terrain response to dynamic vehicular loading, including its dynamic stiffness and damping. Challenges that face vehicle dynamicists in this emerging field are identified.     

应用人工神经网络理论的船舶运动包络预报方法

本文首先介绍了人工神经网络理论的基本内容以及前馈网络反向传播的训练方法，然后应用单隐含层网络作出船舶运动包络的实时预报。文中就一船舶的海上实测运动数据进行了实例计算，结果表明，本文方法的预报结果明显好于其它模型的自适应预报结果。