炼油废水处理过程中生物膜的研究

对影响生物膜内微生物活性的几个因素进行初步探索，并进行了生物接触氧化工艺去除废水中的氨氮和ＣＯＤ的实验研究。     

远洋大型集装箱船动力装置选型论证

本文首先介绍了远洋大型集装箱船动力装置选型的变化趋势,就我国90年代将开发应用的3500 TEU 集装箱船主机选型,从船机桨匹配,燃油经济性,初投资,机舱布置,振动特性等多种因素综合比较分析优选得到最适宜的机型,此外,为提高3500 TEU 集装箱船的燃油经济性,对多种节能新技术进行了筛选.     

铁路新的发展时期旅客站房设计研究

随着我国铁路建设进入跨越式发展的新时期,旅客站房的设计需要树立全新的设计理念。通过结合设计实践对车站设计在总体定位、内部平面功能划分、车站内外空间环境及细节设计等方面的研讨,为开展新的铁路旅客站房建筑设计提供借鉴与参考。     

潜水器多学科设计中的多目标协同优化方法

针对潜水器设计中涉及多个学科的耦合以及数据信息量大、数据关系复杂的问题,文章介绍了一种新的多目标协同优化算法.该方法将Pareto遗传算法(PGA)引入协同优化框架,二者的有机结合充分发挥各自的优势,该方法利用协同方法的分解协调机制将复杂系统的设计问题分解为一个系统级优化问题和几个学科级优化问题.采用PGA作为系统级优化器,不仅可以得到能够反映多目标优化问题实质的、客观的Pareto解集,而且,由于PGA是无需梯度信息的直接搜索算法,从而从根本上消除了协同优化由系统层一致性约束条件引起的收敛困难问题.在PGA与协同优化框架结合的过程中,采用目标函数的归一化处理、分级罚函数法、浮点数编码、群体分级和Paveto解集过滤器等技术提高算法的计算效率和可靠性,并通过一个数学算例和一个载人潜水器的例子证明了多目标协同优化算法的有效性.     

混凝土桥面铺装上面层SMA13配合比优化设计

车辙和水损害是目前桥面铺装损害中最普遍的两大破坏形式,该文依托申嘉湖高速公路工程项目,针对混凝土桥面铺装上面层选择了三种不同级配的SMA13沥青混合料,对其路用性能指标进行实验对比分析,从中选择出最优的一种级配,该级配具有优良的高温稳定性和水稳定性,可有效预防车辙和水损害,推荐用于混凝土桥面铺装试验路工程。     

内河航道横流对船舶航行的影响

为了使船舶能安全通过航道内的横流区域,利用水槽进行遥控自航船模试验,提出了内河航道横流对船舶航行横漂速度、漂角、航迹带宽度和漂距影响的经验公式,分析了Ⅳ与Ⅴ级航道横向流速的限值范围。分析结果表明:横流对船舶航行的影响程度主要与对岸航速成反比,与横流的大小及区域长度成正比,与船型大小(航道等级)成反比,同时与驾驶员的航行经验和初始船位有关;在限制航路航行方式过程中,Ⅳ与Ⅴ级航道对岸航速为2、3、4m·s-1时,可克服的一个船长内横流限值为0.48、0.58、0.70m·s-1。     

Measurements of car-body lateral vibration induced by high-speed trains negotiating complex terrain sections under strong wind conditions

Assessment of the vibration of high-speed trains negotiating complex sections of terrain under strong wind conditions is very important for research into the operation safety and comfort of passengers on high-speed trains. To assess the vibration of high-speed trains negotiating complex sections of terrain under strong wind conditions, we performed a field measurement when the train passes through typical sections of complex terrain along the Lanzhou–Xinjiang high-speed railway in China. We selected the lateral vibration conditions, including the roll angle and lateral displacement of car-body gravity centre through two typical representative sections (embankment–tunnel–embankment and embankment–rectangular transition–cutting) for analysis. The results show that the severe car-swaying phenomenon occurs when the high-speed train moves through the test section, and the car-body lateral vibration characteristic is related significantly to the state of the terrain and topography along the railway. The main causes for this car-swaying phenomenon may be the transitions between different windproof structures, and the greater the scale of the transition region between different windproof structures or landform changes, the more obvious the car-swaying phenomenon becomes. The lateral vibration of the car-body is relatively steady when the train is running through terrain with minor changes in topography, such as the windbreak installed on the bridge and embankment, but the tail car sways more violently than the head car. When the vehicle runs from the windbreak installed on the embankment into the tunnel (or in the opposite direction), the tail car sways more intensely than the head car, and the head car runs relatively stable in the tunnel.     

Effect of handling characteristics on minimum time cornering with torque vectoring

In this paper, the effect of both passive and actively-modified vehicle handling characteristics on minimum time manoeuvring for vehicles with 4-wheel torque vectoring (TV) capability is studied. First, a baseline optimal TV strategy is sought, independent of any causal control law. An optimal control problem (OCP) is initially formulated considering 4 independent wheel torque inputs, together with the steering angle rate, as the control variables. Using this formulation, the performance benefit using TV against an electric drive train with a fixed torque distribution, is demonstrated. The sensitivity of TV-controlled manoeuvre time to the passive understeer gradient of the vehicle is then studied. A second formulation of the OCP is introduced where a closed-loop TV controller is incorporated into the system dynamics of the OCP. This formulation allows the effect of actively modifying a vehicle's handling characteristic via TV on its minimum time cornering performance of the vehicle to be assessed. In particular, the effect of the target understeer gradient as the key tuning parameter of the literature-standard steady-state linear single-track model yaw rate reference is analysed.     

共轨柴油机燃烧纯生物柴油的试验研究

对一台国产涡轮增压直喷柴油机燃烧0#柴油和纯生物柴油的动力性、燃油经济性和排放性能进行对比试验研究。试验结果表明,在柴油机不进行任何调整的情况下,燃烧纯生物柴油会降低其动力性和燃油经济性,但可大幅度改善CO、HC和PM的排放性能。     

无人机技术在长江海事监管中的应用

为了打造长江干线全方位覆盖、全天候运行、具备快速反应能力的现代化水上安全监管和应急救助体系,将无人机技术引入海事监管过程当中。分析无人机应用于海事监管的优势,并研究其应用于海事监管的可行性。拓展无人机在海事监管业务中的应用,提出长江海事无人机系统建设思路。系统的建设分为实验阶段、大规模实施阶段和网络建设和应用阶段,目标是建成水-岸-空海事立体监管系统,提升长江海事监管水平。