上海轨道交通票价体制现状与调整策略研究

总结和回顾了上海轨道交通票价体制的发展历程,分析了现行的票价体制及其存在的问题,指出了上海轨道交通票价体制改革的必要性和依据.在此基础上,综合考虑乘客、企业和政府三者利益,提出上海票价体制改革的原则和策略,为上海轨道交通票价体制改革提供参考.     

舰艇损管综合训练系统研究

  目的  为了提高舰员对安全监控系统的操作能力,  方法  采用在实装系统中嵌入模拟训练模块的方法,使模拟训练与实装系统形成有效闭环,并基于训练与实装互联、协同训练、训练评估等技术,着重解决训练与实装的资源共享及安全隔离问题。  结果  实现了舰艇安全监控系统的在线训练功能,为舰员提供了真实的操作、训练环境,具有较好的训练效果。  结论  测试证实了该嵌入式模拟训练软件的有效性,可为后续其他模拟训练系统的研制提供参考。     

上软下硬土层中沉井施工时克服阻沉的对策

该文在剖析了沉井施工下沉力学分析的基础上,针对上软下硬的地基土层的特点,提出了相应的施工对策,特别推荐了选用复式沉井结构形式,采用沉井法与逆作法相结合的施工工艺,并在工程实践中取得了良好的应用,对今后类似工程的施工,具有一定的指导、借鉴作用。     

东营市中心城区水系规划实践

该文从东营市水系现状、规划目标、规划原则、水系的功能定位、平面布局、水源、水循环、水质保持及修复,以及水系规划对城市防洪排涝的积极影响等方面,简要地介绍了东营市中心城区水系规划的内容。     

细菌自愈合技术在混凝土修复中的应用

文章介绍了混凝土自愈合中使用的细菌类型以及它作为愈合剂的应用方式, 简要综述了随着细菌的增加混凝土各性能的变化。 混凝土中有微裂纹存在, 微裂纹会导致有害物质进入混凝土, 导致结构劣化。 为了避免微裂纹的不良影响, 可以采用自修复技术。 通过添加脲酶产生的细菌和钙源, 可以使方解石在混凝土中沉淀, 生物矿化技术能够封闭混凝土中的微裂缝。 新生成的微裂缝可以通过混凝土中的水合作用来密封, 如通过可以产生尿素的巴斯德芽孢杆菌, 枯草芽孢杆菌的尿素分解细菌与钙源一起整合, 使碳酸钙沉淀来封闭混凝土中的微裂缝。 优化细菌浓度可以更好的改善混凝土中的孔隙结构。 相关研究表明, 封装方法比直接施用方法具有更好的效果, 并且表明使用细菌可以提高混凝土的强度和耐久性。     

Safety modeling for two‐way left‐turn lanes and a procedure to identify two‐way left‐turn lane segments with safety concerns

In the past, two‐way left‐turn lane (TWLTL) median treatments have been frequently used in Florida to inexpensively improve traffic and safety performances. In order to identify factors that may have significant impacts on safety operations in TWLTL sections and to identify TWLTL locations that present existing and future safety concerns, a research project was carried out and results are summarized in the paper. In the research, a three‐year crash history database with crashes and section characteristics from a total of 1688 TWLTL sections all over Florida was developed and used. A negative binomial regression model was developed to determine the statistical relationship between the number of crashes per mile per year and several variables such as traffic volume, access density, posted speed, and number of lanes. In regard to the methodology, in order to identify locations with safety concerns, several steps are needed: development of real crash data distribution, determination of statistical distribution models that better represent the actual crash data, determination of percentile values for the average number of crashes, estimation of crash rates for sections with the same characteristics, estimation of critical values for the variables corresponding to the percentile values for average number of crashes, calculation of tables of critical average annual daily traffic values, and generation of a list of TWLTL locations with critical safety concerns. Results presented in the paper have been used in real applications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Design and evaluation of an integrated inventory and transportation system

This paper proposes the adoption of an integrated inventory and transportation system (IITS) to minimize the total costs of inventory and transportation. A non-linear programing is developed by analyzing transportation and inventory costs with one supplier and many retailers in the distribution environment. The paper compares the proposed model with the traditional approach in computing total costs with numerical data. The results indicate that the total costs can be optimized by adopting integrated programing rather than the traditional approach, along with achieving improved customer service levels. In particular, sensitivity analysis is applied to determine the performance of the IITS under various transportation costs, holding costs and shortage costs. It shows that the transportation cost per unit is most sensitive in the proposed model. In this situation, the IITS is more effective for cost saving when set-up cost, holding and shortage costs are high, but is less effective for situations involving high per-unit transportation costs.     

A programmable calculation procedure for number of traffic conflict points at highway intersections

Traffic movement conflict points at intersections are the points at which traffic movements intersect (including crossing, merging, and diverging). Numbers and distribution of different types of conflict points are used to evaluate intersection access management designs and safety performance. Traditionally, the determination of the numbers of conflict points for different traffic movements is based on manual methods, which causes the difficulty for computerized procedures to evaluate safety performance of different access management designs. Sometimes, a programmable calculation procedure may provide more effective solutions as compared with manual methods. This paper presents a programmable calculation procedure for the determination of the numbers of conflict points, which could be used as a basis for a computerized procedure. Concepts of virtual movement lanes and intersection quadrants are introduced to specify types of intersections, traffic lane configurations, and traffic movement regulations. Calculation models, based on such concepts, for traffic movement conflict points at signalized and unsignalized intersections can be obtained. In support of the procedure, case studies are presented in the paper. The procedure presented in the paper can be programmed into a computer program for the purpose of a computerized evaluation of intersection safety and design performance of different access management or control approaches. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

公路工程主体设计应考虑的环保措施

本文通过公路工程主体设计时对生态环境、水环境、声环境、空气环境以及社会环境等相关环保措施的系统阐述,初步对目前公路工程建设中主体设计时所采用的环保措施进行初步的探讨,为相关技术人员进行工程设计时提供相应的参考。     

提前右转组织方式及其影响分析

以可插车间隙理论和概率论为基础,建立了固定与可变交织区长度的提前右转组织方式下右转机动车通行能力计算模型与延长交织区所能够增加的通行能力的计算模型,提出了提前右转组织方式的适用条件。以平均延误为指标,对比分析了两种组织方式下右转机动车的运行效果,基于Webster信号配时方法,对实行提前右转方式的交叉口内直行和左转车流的通行能力进行了分析。分析结果表明:采用提前右转组织方式后交叉口直行和左转通行能力增加;在右转机动车提前右转能够满足通行能力时,提前右转可减小冲突区的面积,否则,可以通过延长交织区长度来增加通行能力,以减少右转车的平均延误。