Analysis of Driver's Decelerating Strategy in a Car-following Situation

This report describes a decelerating driver-model expressed by driving mode transition in car-following situations. The assumptions for constructing the model are that decelerating strategy of a driver is classified into several simple driving modes and that a driver changs his driving modes based on his perceptible characteristics and experiential rules. Deceleration action is divided into three states; following, standing and braking, which are applied to the model. The model has two paths for driver's decelerating action, one of which is selected by the driver based on the perceptible characteristics and experiential rules. The suitability of the model has been experimentally verified.     

Multiphysic modelling of railway vehicles equipped with pneumatic suspensions

This article presents a multidisciplinary approach of railway pneumatic suspension modelling: both multibody and pneumatic aspects are taken into account. The work aims at obtaining a realistic model of the secondary suspension and coupling it with a multibody model of a train. Various components of the pneumatic circuit such as bellows, tanks, pipes and valves are taken into account. The article focuses on the bellow-pipe-tank subsystem for which several modelling approaches are presented and compared. Differences between differential and algebraic models are highlighted, and an application-dependent choice between them is suggested. A complete model of the pneumatic circuit is then obtained and coupled with a multibody model of the train. As a result, the behaviour of a suburban train equipped with a pneumatic secondary suspension is analysed, in particular undesired oscillating motions which affect the comfort. Topological modifications and improvements of the suspension are also investigated and discussed.     

基于AIS通信的船舶避碰多Agent决策支持系统的设计与实现

多Agent系统(Multi-Agent System,MAS)是计算机科学中比较新的一个分支,主要研究在逻辑上或物理上分离的多个主体之间进行协调的智能行为,最终实现问题求解。本文鉴于对分布式船舶避碰决策系统的需求,提出以互利和缓解整体碰撞危险局面为目标的多Agent避碰决策系统。并通过建立模型的方法在VC平台上实现了该设计。     

港口“三调度合一”系统介绍及其技术实现

介绍了应用船舶交通管理系统(VTS)、船舶自动识别系统(AIS)、全球定位系统(GPS)、地理信息系统(GIS)、通信技术等新技术,将港口作业调度、轮驳调度、引航调度管理整合起来,实创港口业务调度管理的“三调度合一”,进行统一的调度和管理从而提高了工效。     

对上市公司募集资金使用低效的动因分析

上市公司募集资金的目的就是为解决公司资金短缺问题,为了更好的投资公司认为能为公司带来更高收益的项目,以提高公司市场价值。可现实并非如此,很多公司通过发行股票、金融债券等形式为公司募集了大量的资金,但在资金使用上显得并不那么高效。甚至有些公司把募集来的资金存入银行等而不用于项目投资,造成资金大量闲置浪费了社会资源。本文针对这些问题,从公司外部环境和公司内部管理两个方面,分析了造成募集资金使用效率低下的因素。     

浅谈信息化在统计中的运用

介绍了信息化在统计工作中的重要性,对南京地铁运营分公司的统计软件的运用进行了探讨。     

不同防治措施对边坡位移场影响的数值模拟

文章以西攀路K79 442~K79 570边坡工点为对象,对该工点分别采取抗滑桩、挡土墙、锚杆三种常用的工程措施(方案)进行加固,并对其分别进行数值分析。     

Impact of information technology on public transport fares data

The work described was undertaken as part of the CASSIOPE project in the EC DRIVE programme. A range of fare collection procedures in public transport is described, and the importance of these for data collection by operators is stressed. It is suggested that such data management could be standardized and to this end four case studies were carried out in different European cities. Data models were built for each city, and these models are merged into a preliminary version of a generalized model. The need and uses for such a fare collection data model is explained.     

Should the user pay?

The paper puts the case that historical analysis helps to understand current discussions on user-pays principles and practice. In particular, (a) it is demonstrated that the nature of funding systems is dominated by political considerations, and (b) user-pays systems lead to inadequate funding of infrastructure when politically controlled, but provide funds for expansion when “market-driven” (in pursuit of profit maximisation). The case is illustrated by reference to the experience of interregional transport infrastructure in 19th century in England and 20th century Australia. Revenue deficiencies arising from government-controlled rates can lead to the demise of private transport infrastructure. The problem is considered in the context of the history of interregional roads and railways in England between the 15th and 19th century in England and in Australia in the 19th and 20th century. The current embrace by government of the user-pays system in transport services arises from fiscal deficiencies, as much from economic philosophy. User-pays policies are part of the global re-emergence of economic rationalism since the 1970s. The lesson for other nations from Australia's experience is twofold. First, in a federal system of government, despite the efficiency benefits of user-pays in interregional land transport, fiscal and political objectives will prevail. Second, in sparsely populated and/or developing countries, deregulation of long distance road transport will make funding a national highway system a critical concern.     

The market for second-hand ships: Further results on efficiency using cointegration analysis

This paper examines the dynamic behaviour of second-hand prices of tankers and dry-cargo vessels over various time periods, with a view to determining whether or not the markets for such assets are efficient. It extends and re-analyses the results of an earlier study by Hale and Vanags, published in this journal in 1992. Using a more modern method of testing for cointegration, it is shown that both the tanker and dry cargo markets appear to be cointegrated, a fact which would suggest that these markets are inefficient. It is suggested that the existence of cointegration does not necessarily imply market inefficiency, if the factors that create the common trends are themselves stochastic in nature. With this in mind, it is argued that the evidence put forward in this paper is still consistent with market efficiency in the long run.