飞轮舞

一瞬即过的每一个当下,其实都是一个一个独立而存在的空间,没有从前也没有将来,但却又是周而复始,不断重复。转啊转啊,转啊转啊……然后,世间所有的事物都被这旋转中的时间卷了进去又被抛了出来,被搅动翻弄,彼此碰撞。尤如漩涡的中心、飓风的风眼,也犹如舞步。     

德国铁路的内燃牵引

ＤＢ（德国铁路）的电气化铁路占４４％，却完成了８３．７％的牵引任务。内燃牵引主要用在运输量少的线路和调车、车辆的交换输送上。ＤＢ铁路现有的内燃机车最少也有２３年车龄了，最老的机车是１９５５年制造的。有时，机车的维修量很大。列车编组的基础设施的合理化改造改变了机车运用条件。假设总牵引吨位将达到２０００ｔ，而网络２１的技术规范将把干线的最大速度提高到１００ｋｍ／ｈ。如果按总牵引吨位和速度来考虑货运量对     

Dynamic Performance of a Bulkhead Flat Car

The dynamic performance of a flat car is studied herein. The performance indices include roll angles, lateral accelerations, center plate loads, side bearing loads, wheel loads and spring deflections. These variables are maximum when the car is running at its critical speed, corresponding to either the rock and roll, or the bounce mode. The Association of American Railroads' (AAR) Flexible Carbody Model was used. The input for vertical track irregularities used in the simulation was generated from published spectra for U.S. Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) Class 4 track. After studying the car's performance with various column loads and spring suspensions, it was found that the most commonly used column load of 4,000 lbs. (17.8 kN) should be used. The spring suspension used in the original car design should also be adopted, in order to avoid spring bottoming.     

A Comparison of Various Computer Simulation Models for Predicting the Directional Responses of Articulated Vehicles

This paper presents the results of a comparative study of the predictions, made using computer simulation models of different levels of complexity, of the directional responses of commercial articulated vehicles in steady-state and lane-change maneuvers. The differences in the predictions obtained using various models are examined and are compared with available experimental data. The objective of this study is to compare the capabilities and limitations of various simulation models for predicting the directional behavior of articulated vehicles.     

Equilibria of bilateral taxi–customer searching and meeting on networks

This paper proposes an equilibrium model to characterize the bilateral searching and meeting between customers and taxis on road networks. A taxi driver searches or waits for a customer by considering both the expected searching or waiting time cost and ride revenue, and a customer seeks a taxi ride to minimize full trip price. We suppose that the bilateral taxi–customer searching and meeting occurs anywhere in residential and commercial zones or at prescribed taxi stands, such as an airport or a railway station. We propose a meeting function to spell out the search and meeting frictions that arise endogenously as a result of the distinct spatial feature of the area and the taxi–customer moving decisions. With the proposed meeting function and the assumptions underlying taxi–customer search behaviors, the stationary competitive equilibrium achieved at fixed fare prices is determined when the demand of the customers matches the supply of taxis or there is market clearing at the prevailing searching and waiting times in every meeting location. We establish the existence of such an equilibrium by virtue of Brouwer’s fixed-point theorem and demonstrate its principal operational characteristics with a numerical example.     

满堂支架法直腹板现浇箱梁横向抗推研究

满堂支架法作为一种成熟的施工技术手段,目前被大量应用于城市桥梁现浇主梁的施工项目中.具有施工方便、周转时间短和辅助设备少的优点.但对于直腹板现浇箱梁,尤其是主梁较窄的现浇箱梁,由于混凝土侧压力、倾倒混凝土产生的水平荷载以及振捣产生的水平荷载存在,使得腹板处支架存在较大的水平推力,导致整个结构处于危险状态.以某工程项目为依托,提出了两种解决方案,通过调整斜撑布置形式对结构受力状态进行改善.结果 表明,两种方案均可有效降低水平推力作用下造成结构局部应力集中的现象,有利于不利荷载均匀向整个支架结构传递.     

Off-set crack propagation analysis under mixed mode loadings

An assessment was carried out herein to study the eccentricity of cracks subjected to mixed-mode loadings. Several loading locations relative to a central line were selected to induce mixed-mode loadings, which were computed using a finite element method. An adaptive meshing technique was adopted during the simulation of crack propagation to ensure the singularity of stress at the tip of the crack. The stress intensity failure criterion was used and programmed, and the node splitting technique was used when the stress intensity factor reached the fracture toughness of the material to simulate crack propagations. It was found that large variations in the stress intensity factor were observed when off-set cracks were used, and that K _II decreased when loading distance increased, but increased when the off-set crack distance was increased. Both crack eccentricity and loading distance played important roles in producing mixed-mode loading, compared to the influence of central cracks. Correction factors were introduced to modify the calculation of stress intensity factors under mixed-mode loadings. Simulations of crack propagation were also conducted to study the effects of crack eccentricities and loading distances. It was found that the crack length, the loading distance relative to the central crack and the crack eccentricity dominated calculations of the integrity of cracked structures.     

Passenger railway reform in the last 20 years - European experience reconsidered

It is about 20 years since the rail reform process in Europe began with the separation of infrastructure from operations in Sweden. This paper reviews the entire process, examining the objectives of reform, the different models adopted, and the key elements of separation of infrastructure from operations, competition both through open access and franchising and regulation and infrastructure charging. It is concluded that separation of infrastructure from operations involves costs, but is the most effective way of achieving within mode competition. Where operations do not greatly overlap and open access passenger and freight are unimportant, leasing infrastructure to passenger franchisees may be effective, but the model of vertical integration as separate subsidiaries within a holding company structure makes it difficult to ensure a level playing field for new entrants and is only effective where the vertically integrated operator remains dominant.