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91.
The response of the Black Sea mean level to atmospheric pressure (AP) and wind forcing is investigated using 5 years of TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P hereafter) data. A coherence analysis is first applied to mean sea level and pressure to examine the validity of the inverse barometer (IB) approximation over this area. As expected, it reveals very significant deviations from an IB response attributed to the narrowness of the Bosphorus Strait and its limiting role in water exchanges. A comparison is drawn with the Mediterranean Sea case. A single basin version of the Candela analytical model [Candela, J., 1991. The Gibraltar Strait and its role in the dynamics of the Mediterranean Sea. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans 15, 267–300], which takes linear friction at the strait into account, is then used. The model explains a significant part of the T/P mean sea level variance (about 30%, while the IB correction only explains 5% of its variance) and provides a means to correct the altimeter data for the pressure effect much better than the standard IB effect. The response of the mean sea level to wind forcing is then analysed. Coherence analysis between sea level and along-strait wind stress (WS) reveals a significant coherence at periods ranging from 40 to 100 days, with an almost steady phase of 270°. This result is confirmed with a multiple coherence analysis (mean sea level vs. WS and AP). A plausible mechanism is a piling-up of water at the northern or southern end of the strait due to along-strait wind forcing. The associated along-strait pressure gradient would modify the barotropic flow in the strait and then the mean sea level. Using an extension of the Candela model, we show that this mechanism is consistent with T/P mean sea level observations. 相似文献
92.
The buckling problem of a circular cylindrical shell has long been widely investigated due to its great importance in the design of aerospace and marine structures. Geometric imperfections and residual stresses are inevitable in practice and have been so far frequently considered in analytical and numerical predictions. But little attention has been paid until now on the combined influence of such initial defects on the critical and often unstable response of such elastoplastic structures. In this paper, a shell finite element is designed within the total Lagrangian formulation framework to deal with the elastoplastic buckling and post-buckling of thin cylindrical tubes under external pressure and axial compression. A specific experimental process will be introduced in order to measure residual stresses in the shell very accurately, so as to include them in the numerical calculations. The present formulation will enable us to describe the complete non-linear solutions, namely the critical pressures (bifurcation and limit (collapse) loads), the bifurcation modes and the bifurcated equilibrium branches up to advanced post-critical states. Comparisons will be made between numerical results and the experimental critical value and deformation patterns of a new generation profiler. Furthermore, the combined effects of geometric imperfections, residual stresses and plasticity will be analyzed. 相似文献
93.
Variations of the abundance and nucleic acid content of heterotrophic bacteria in Beaufort Shelf waters during winter and spring 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Claude Belzile Sonia Brugel Christian Nozais Yves Gratton Serge Demers 《Journal of Marine Systems》2008,74(3-4):946
Depth profiles of heterotrophic bacteria abundance were measured weekly over a 6-month period from December to May in Franklin Bay, a 230 m-deep coastal Arctic Ocean site of the southeastern Beaufort Sea. Total bacteria, low nucleic acid (LNA) and high nucleic acid (HNA) bacteria abundances were measured using flow cytometry after SYBR Green I staining. The HNA bacteria abundance in surface waters started to increase 5–6 weeks after phytoplankton growth resumed in spring, increasing from 1 × 105 to 3 × 105 cells mL− 1 over an 8-week period, with a net growth rate of 0.018 d− 1. LNA bacteria response was delayed by more than two months relative to the beginning of the phytoplankton biomass accumulation and had a lower net growth rate of 0.013 d− 1. The marked increase in bacterial abundance occurred before any significant increase in organic matter input from river discharge (as indicated by the unchanged surface water salinity and DOC concentrations), and in the absence of water temperature increase. The abundance of bacteria below the halocline was relatively high until January (up to 5 × 105 cells mL− 1) but then decreased to values close to 2 × 105 cells mL− 1. The three-fold bacterial abundance increase observed in surface waters in spring was mostly due to HNA bacteria, supporting the idea that these cells are the most active. 相似文献
94.
在进行罐车检定和罐体安全检测时,准确判断罐体标记是否准确对罐车检定工作十分重要,同时还要对罐体进行外观检查,确定外表面是否有明显的腐蚀、损伤和变形。车辆型号和封头形式对罐体型号的判断有影响。企业名称、车型、车号、载重、自重、容积、容积表号和介质名称等所有罐体标记是否准确,影响着检定工作的准确和检定证书的可靠有效。举例说明在日常检定工作中遇到的情况及处理方法。 相似文献
95.
随着社会经济的发展和公路网的不断建设,我国长途客运业也得到了迅猛的发展,但是长途客运车辆交通事故屡屡发生,本文提设计了一种基于GPRS的长途客车监控系统,它是利用卫星定位技术,无线通讯技术,谷歌地图技术和图像压缩等相关技术,且在Visual Basic 6.0开发平台上而完成的,该系统将采集到的车辆GPS信息、车内图像信息以及报警等信息通过GPRS网络发送到监控中心,实现监控中心对运行中长途客车的监控,以确保长途客车安全运行。 相似文献
96.
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98.
通过建立城市道路交叉口交通流黄红灯前后边界条件与计算方法,利用LWR模型描述了交叉口周期性中断交通流.在数值差分模型中,应用仿真时步交叉口状态数组标识交叉口信号灯状态,并依时推进仿真计算.不同于连续交通流,城市道路交叉口交通流根据红绿灯的变换采用各路段分时、分段计算方法突出各子路段在不同信号灯下的不同路权特征,同时在差分计算和边界上考虑不同子路段的相互影响与衔接,整体刻画了交叉口及相关道路交通流的时空变化.算例表明,LWR模型与特殊边界条件结合,并配合基本图的灵活性,在城市道路交通流推算中结果合理可信,模型具有良好应用潜力. 相似文献
99.
100.
空域扇区流量与拥塞预测的概率方法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了提高扇区流量预测准确度、减小扇区拥塞预测的虚警率,分析了影响空中交通的随机因素,建立了航空器进入扇区时刻、穿越扇区飞行时间和离开扇区时刻的概率分布模型.利用进入、离开扇区时刻的累积分布函数,计算航空器占用扇区的概率,并在此基础上,提出了基于Monte Carlo仿真的扇区拥塞预测概率方法.算例仿真结果表明:与确定型拥塞预测方法相比,采用概率预测方法可将拥塞时段比例的平均值从42%减少到33%. 相似文献