Joint development at transit stations in the United States

Joint development, as the term is generally used in connection with transit systems in the United States, is real estate development that is closely linked to public transportation services and station facilities, and takes advantage of the market and locational advantages provided by them. Research conducted by LEK Associates for the Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) suggests that, in addition to helping shape urban growth and land development, joint development is also a surprisingly effective means of increasing transit system ridership and farebox revenues, as well as a source of increasingly significant revenues from the sale or lease of air rights.The completion of nine joint development projects in as many different cities, started under the former Urban Initiatives Program, for example, net additional annual ridership might reach 12000000 one-way trips. Net additional annual farebox revenues might reach over $9000000. This added revenue would be sufficient to repay the $62 million combined UMTA/transit operator investment in the nine projects, exclusive of the costs of the basic transit system improvements around which the projects are planned, in less than six years.Among transit authority-administered joint development programs examined in a separate study, the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) has had the most success in generating significant value capture income. For example, the cumulative revenue realized by WMATA from just six joint development projects in the Washington, DC region, through September 1983 exceeded $ 6.9 million. Projections through fiscal year 1986 indicate cumulative revenues approximating $ 28 million will be received from developer leases.     

Urban transportation modeling: The discussion continues

This article is a response to John Polak's article, entitled, A Comment on Supernak's Critique of Transport Modeling, published elsewhere in this issue of TRANSPORTATION. It offers necessary clarifications to the issues discussed in an earlier article in this journal (Supernak, 1983). It also responds to the philosophical issues discussed in Polak's article, such as the nature of transport phenomena, and the role, form and methodology of transport modeling.     

Regional impacts of new transport infrastructure: a multisectoral potentials approach

This is the second of two background papers sponsored for the Symposium by the Administrative Commission for the north of the Netherlands. Its purpose is to provide an indication of the effects of the proposed high speed rail line between Amsterdam, Groningen and Hamburg on employment in the corridor. The authors first review the techniques of forecasting these effects discussed in the literature. The potentials approach is adopted for their analysis, the mathematics and underlying assumptions of which are presented. Finally, this model is run to provide an estimate of the impact on regional employment of three variants of the proposed rail line.     

The design of bus route systems — An interactive location-allocation approach

An interactive modelling approach is developed to solve the practical problem of bus route network design. Possible bus routes are identified with facilities which can be located. Zones or pairs of zones in the urban area are identified with customers who will be allocated to the established facilities. It is shown that the classical Set Covering Problem is useful under the assumption of fixed demand; the Simple Plant Location Problem is effective under the assumption of demand which is sensitive to the level of bus service provided.     

超高速实验车驱动方案设计及优化

研究速度在400-1000km／h的超高速实验车重接式电磁驱动方案,讨论重接式电磁驱动的电路结构和运动方程。在Maxwell3D瞬态场中搭建了驱动系统仿真模型,分析不同初始速度下,三级驱动系统受力特性和加速规律。针对系统运动特性和效率问题,提出驱动电路优化方案,使得发射体运动特性改善、效率提高。仿真结果表明：通过合理分配驱动单元,应用重接式电磁驱动的超高速实验车,可在短时间内被加速达到超高速的目标。     

人类仿真技术在铁路系统中的应用

摘要：对应用于铁路人机工程学的人类仿真方法进行了总结,即一种仿真器是采用虚拟现实技术来模拟环境,例如驾驶仿真器、乘坐舒适度仿真器、铁路车站仿真器等。另一类仿真器则采用计算机仿真技术来评价列车司机工作时承受的精神负担、列车碰撞引起的旅客运动方式及损伤等。     

列车制动“电-空”转换的Bang-Bang与模糊PID复合控制

列车气制动过程中的EP(电-空)转换完成电气指令到空气压力的转换,是实现精确制动的关键环节.EP转换具有非线性、时变和多因素干扰等特点,但它的实时性要求又很高,导致控制难度较大.采用环境适应能力更强的高速开关电磁阀组成EP转换单元,提出一种结合Bang-Bang控制思想与模糊PID(比例积分微分)控制的复合控制器,能自动适应不同工况.建立了EP转换的数学模型并进行分析,并构建了制动试验台进行大量试验.采用复合控制方法和高速开关阀的EP系统具有转换精度高,响应速度快等优点,还能延长器件的使用寿命.     

无锡地铁1号线列车母线高压电路设计与探讨

基于城轨列车通过断电区对车辆控制和系统安全的风险控制要求,结合目前应用的几种典型列车高压母线电路特点,提出无锡地铁1号线列车高压母线电路设计优化方案,并对受流器的配置提出了新的设计思路。     

基于有限元法的屏蔽门机械系统结构响应分析

建立了地铁站台屏蔽门机械系统的结构分析模型,利用有限元法分析了屏蔽门系统模态和结构刚度,得到屏蔽门系统的各阶主要模态的特性和屏蔽门整体及各关键部件的变形及应力分布.运用该分析方法对屏蔽门整体机械系统的结构特性及其可行性进行评价,为屏蔽门机械系统优化和可靠性设计提供了理论基础.     

地铁盾构隧道下穿既有铁路变形控制研究

盾构隧道下穿既有铁路线路会造成铁路线路沉降变形,影响列车的正常运行。基于此,在某实际工程的基础上,对地基加固、盾构下穿过程中铁路线路沉降情况进行监测分析。结果表明：旋喷桩加固注浆施工对铁路线路影响很小,当旋喷桩加固施工完成后,主加固区施工对铁路线路影响较大;地基加固对盾构下穿时铁路线路变形控制有较好效果,隧道穿越施工期间,路基最大沉降量为36．52mm,轨面最大沉降量为15．88mm,满足规范要求。