基于状态观测器的半挂汽车折叠角估算

根据商用车ESC系统各传感器的信息,利用半挂汽车3自由度模型设计了状态观测器来估计半挂汽车的折叠角.根据侧向加速度值对当前利用路面附着系数进行了估算,用来修正线性轮胎模型.利用三轴半挂汽车的21自由度非线性模型对观测器的估计结果进行了验证.结果表明,该观测器在车辆的线性和非线性区域内都能准确地估算出半挂汽车的折叠角.     

Wanlass电动机的电磁分析与节能研究

运用电机基本原理推导出Ｗａｎｌａｓｓ电动机的基本方程式和等效电路。对Ｗａｎｌａｓｓ电动机的节能效果进行了分析，从电磁分析角度看不能得了Ｗａｎｌａｓｓ电动机有节能效果的结论。     

Bus journey times in medium size urban areas

The predictive accuracy of the models based on the fundamental relation between journey time and passenger demand can be improved through data disaggregation or route segmentation. Primary reason for this is the improvement in the estimates of stopping delays and delays due to passenger boarding and/or alighting (dwell time). Both Poisson and Negative Binomial model estimates of stoppings for passenger boarding and alighting are shown to improve with disaggregation. These improvements, however, contribute little to the overall predictability of the fundamental models which are useful for gaining insight into the significance and variability of the stopping delays and dwell time, or testing sensitivity to changes in the long term. Site or route specific models of journey times which have better predictive capability exist, and may be used for short-run planning. However, the interchangeability and performance over time of the latter, have to be evaluated before making definitive conclusions.     

沥青老化的性能及指标分析

青海高寒地区自然环境恶劣,沥青路面较同纬度的江南地区老化得快。针对高寒地区较为常用的4种沥青,通过试验得出了沥青抗老化性能的排序,说明用针入度比作为评价沥青的老化性能指标是比较理想的,残留沥青软化点及质量损失的变化用作评价沥青的老化性能指标是不合适的,同时发现:原样基质沥青改性后其抗老化的性能不如原样基质沥青平稳,改性剂本身也在老化。     

Experimental investigation into low-velocity water entry of cylinder structure

The process of low-velocity water entry is utilized on a large scale for the military and engineering purposes. However, there are rarely systematic experimental investigations into the low-velocity water entry of cylinder structure for reference. In order to obtain typical phenomena and relevant laws, we design a set of experimental facilities with adjustable parameters and better repeatability to study this process with a high-speed photography system. The influences of cylinder radius, initial velocity and entry angle on the process of lowvelocity water entry are tested. Results show that six typical phases exist in this process: structure submersion,necking, cavity formation, cavity abscission, spray at the free surface and jet formation. Three factors mentioned above are key parameters and influence the process in different degrees, and some laws obtained in this paper have a reasonable agreement with the theoretical results. Our results provide references for the relevant numerical researches and engineering applications.     

应急交通运输装备的现状与发展趋势

世界范围内突发事件频频,作为国家战略力量重要组成部分的应急交通运输,其作用日益突显。围绕国内外应急交通运输装备研究与开发现状,从铁路、公路、水路和航空四个方面进行了介绍,提出了国内相关技术与装备的发展趋势,为应急交通运输装备的发展提供借鉴。     

An empirical study to determine freight travel time at a major port

Abstract

This paper examines the reliability measures of freight travel time on urban arterials that provide access to an international seaport. The findings indicate that the reliability index calculated by the median of travel time, which is less sensitive to extreme values in a highly skewed distribution, is more appropriate. This paper also examines several statistical distributions of travel time to determine the best fit to the data of freight trips. The results of goodness-of-fit tests indicate that the log-logistic is the best statistical function for freight travel time during the midday off-peak period. However, the lognormal distribution represents a better fit to arterials with heavily congested traffic during peak periods. Additionally, travel time prediction models identify the relationships between travel time, speeds and other factors that affect travel time reliability. The analysis suggests that incident-induced delays and speed fluctuations primarily contributed to the unreliability of freight movement on the urban arterials.     

Operating strategy for gasoline/diesel dual-fuel premixed compression ignition in a light-duty diesel engine

Environmental problems have become a major issue for diesel engine development. Although emission aftertreatment systems such as DPFs (diesel particulate filters), LNTs (lean NOx traps) and SCR (selective catalytic reduction) have been used in diesel vehicles, the manufacturing cost increase caused by this equipment can be hard to be control. Thus, it is better for engine emissions to be reduced by improving the combustion system. A dual-fuel combustion concept is a recommended method to improve a combustion system and effectively reduce emissions. Low reactivity fuel including gasoline and natural gas, which was supplied to the intake port by the FPI (port fuel injector), improved the premixed air-fuel mixture conditions before ignition. Additionally, a small amount of high reactivity fuel, in this case diesel, was injected into the cylinder directly as an ignition source. This dual-fuel combustion promises lower levels of NOx (nitrogen oxide) and PM (particulate matter) emissions due to the elimination of local rich regions in the cylinder. However, it is challenging to control the dual-fuel combustion because the combustion stability and efficiency deteriorate due to the lack of ignition source and reactivity. Thus, it is important to establish an appropriate dual-fuel operating strategy to achieve stable, high efficiency and low emission operation. As a result of this research, a detailed operating method of dual-fuel PCI (premixed compression ignition) was introduced in detail at a low speed and low load condition by using a single cylinder diesel engine. Engine operating parameters including the gasoline ratio, a diesel injection strategy consisting of multiple injectors and timing, the EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) rate and the intake pressure were controlled to satisfy the low ISNOx (indicated specific NOx) and PM emissions levels (0.21 g/kWh and 0.1 FSN, 0.040 g/kWh, respectively) as per the EURO-6 regulation without any after-treatment systems. The results emphasized that a well-constructed dual-fuel PCI operating strategy showed low NOx and PM emissions and high GIE (gross indicated fuel conversion efficiency) with excellent combustion stability.     

船舶智能化研究现状与展望

智能化是船舶发展的重要方向。船舶智能化是在综合传感、通信、信息、计算机等多种先进技术的基础上,结合船舶具体应用环境,构建基于大数据、信息物理系统和物联网等特征的智能系统,使船舶航行、管理与服务更高效、更低秏、更安全和更环保。从大数据、信息物理系统、物联网三个方面介绍了船舶智能化的主要特征。从船舶智能航行和船舶智能管理与服务两个方面分析了船舶领域智能化现状和展望。船舶智能航行方面,探讨了综合船桥系统和无人驾驶的发展方向;船舶智能管理与服务方面,分析了水路ITS、交通流理论和数据分析方法的最新发展,并提出了基于可视分析解决船舶管理大数据处理的流程。     

基于多线程的船载自动识别系统报文解析

为了改善单线程模式下船载AIS报文解析效率低下,实时性不高等问题,设计一种基于多线程技术的AIS报文解析优化系统.通过研究AIS报文的相关特征,分析AIS报文解析的需求,总结一般AIS报文解析方法容易出现的问题.提出利用多线程解析AIS报文的思想;对比多线程的各种关键技术,根据AIS报文特点提出一种利用事件同步的多线程船载AIS报文解析方法,并给出具体实现步骤.在VC++环境下实现该方法,并应用于工程项目.实践证明:该方法与一般的单线程和多线程AIS报文解析相比,系统资源占用少、实时性高,并具有较高稳定性.