基于VRML的船用柴油机虚拟装配仿真

装配是船用柴油机设计和制造的最终环节,其装配的工作效率和工作质量直接影响船用柴油机的制造周期和最终质量。基于虚拟样机技术VRML及其支撑软件CAD和Pro/E,实现了船用柴油机的虚拟装配仿真,获取了虚拟装配仿真评价和预测,这为实际生产中船用柴油机装配的方案优化提供了依据。     

Analysis of cost estimation disclosure in environmental impact statements for surface transportation projects

Reliability in cost estimates in publicly funded projects is more important today than ever with increased governmental funding to infrastructure projects and associated accountability requirements, but surface transportation projects, large and small, in the United States have a legacy of cost overruns. The problems with these overruns start with the cost estimation process before projects begin. Studies have shown that early cost estimations reflect best-case scenarios rather than realistic expectations, and have attributed technical, economic, psychological, and political reasons for underestimation. The primary objectives of this research were to determine how costs have been presented and updated in environmental impact statements, to identify endemic technical problems with cost estimation during the environmental review of surface transportation projects, and to develop recommendations for improving cost estimation and disclosure. Cost estimation methods were analyzed from the documents of 100 projects, including draft environmental impact statements, final environmental impact statements, and records of decision. The study concluded that the lack of guidance on how to include cost estimation in environmental review revealed itself in the level of detail and attention given to estimating costs. Agencies omitted or included various aspects of cost estimation randomly. Professional organizations should fill the gap of the need for specific guidance to cost estimation for environmental review so it can evolve as a state of the practice.     

Modeling adoption timing of autonomous vehicles: innovation diffusion approach

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are expected to act as an economically-disruptive transportation technology offering several benefits to the society and causing significant changes in travel behavior and network performance. However, one of the critical issues that policymakers are facing is the absence of a sound estimation of their market penetration. This study is an effort to quantify the effect of different drivers on the adoption timing of AVs. To this end, we develop an innovation diffusion model in which individuals’ propensities to adopt a new technology such as AVs takes influence from a desire to innovate and a need to imitate the rest of the society. It also captures various sources of inter-personal heterogeneity. We found that conditional on our assumptions regarding the changes in market price of AVs over time, their market penetration in our study region (Chicago metropolitan area) will eventually reach 71.3%. Further, model estimation results show that a wide range of socio-demographic factors, travel pattern indicators, technology awareness, and perceptions of AVs are influential in people’s AV adoption timing decision. For instance, frequent long-distance travelers are found to make the adoption decision more innovatively while those who have experienced an accident in their lifetime are found to be more influenced by word of mouth.     

基于磁流变悬置的整车建模与振动控制的研究

以磁流变悬置动态性能试验结果为数据样本,利用广义回归神经网络(GRNN)辨识方法建立了磁流变悬置的正、逆模型,并将辨识模型用于悬置系统的控制;建立了基于磁流变悬置的整车10自由度动力学模型,以发动机转速和悬置点处的加速度信号为输入,设计了模糊控制器,对磁流变悬置进行半主动控制的仿真。结果表明:该模糊控制器具有较好的宽频隔振效果,悬置点处的振动加速度峰值明显减小,验证了GRNN模型和模糊控制器算法的正确性和有效性。     

汽车整体式转向梯形机构优化设计

以MATLAB软件为优化工具,通过对汽车整体式转向梯形进行合理设计,尽可能地保证汽车在转向过程中全部车轮均绕同一个瞬时转向中心行驶,使在不同圆周上运动的车轮,作无滑动的纯滚动运动。     

车辆主动油气悬架系统分层控制策略的研究

基于虚拟样机技术构建了工程车主动油气悬架控制系统的数字开发平台.针对工程车行驶路况的不确定性、部分参数的时变性和油气悬架系统的强非线性,提出了有限带宽主动油气悬架系统分层控制策略,并设计了基于遗传算法的模糊PID上层力控制器和基于模型的下层电压控制器.将该控制算法集成到悬架控制系统数字开发平台中进行联合仿真.结果表明,所研制的有限带宽主动悬架分层控制器可显著改善车辆的行驶平顺性.     

Development of knowledge based body structure concept design model

The purpose of this study is to propose a concept design process for an automotive body structure using technical information on the major joints and members of vehicles. First, in order to collect the technical information on major joints and members, 17 vehicles were selected using benchmark data. The collected technical information for the selected vehicles was the cross sectional shapes of each joint and member which were used for the analysis of joint stiffness, crashworthiness and static stiffness of the member to make a database along with cross section properties. This study applied a ‘What If Study’ technique to perform a concept design of an automotive body using the analyzed information and selected cross section meeting the design objectives. The criteria for the selection of the cross section were defined by subdividing the defined design objectives of an automotive body structure and constraints into members and joints. In order to configure an analysis model of an automotive body structure using the selected cross section, a shape parametric model was used and static stiffness, dynamic stiffness and crashworthiness were assessed to evaluate the configured automotive body structure. The evaluation result showed that the crashworthiness and static/dynamic stiffness were improved compared to an existing body structure. In addition, the weight of the body structure was reduced. Through this study, the process that can rapidly and effectively derive and evaluate the concept design of an automotive body structure was defined. It is expected that, henceforth, this process will be helpful for the study of automotive body structures.     

Coupled heat and mass transfer analysis of NH<Subscript>3</Subscript>-H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O falling film absorption on inner tube surface with low solution flow rates

NH₃-H₂O falling film absorption usually takes place with low solution flow rate in real absorption refrigeration system. An experimental study of inner vertical absorption is carried out for the consideration of air-cooling absorber. Variable working conditions are tested to evaluate the heat and mass transfer performances.The traditional evaluation method based on log-mean-temperature（concentration） difference is criticized for its lack of theoretical basis while simultaneous heat and mass transfer process occurs. A new method proposed by Kim and Infante Ferreira is modified to evaluate the experimental results with reasonable assumptions. The method is based on the derivation of coupled heat and mass transfer differential equations of NH₃-H₂O absorption process.The analysis of the same experimental data shows that the new method realizes better consistency with smaller error, especially in heat transfer aspect. Heat and mass transfer performance is enhanced with the increase of solution Reynolds number. Sub-cooling of inlet weak solution also has positive influence on the absorption process,which should be evaluated by the new method correctly. Two correlations are developed to evaluate both Nusselt and Sherwood numbers for the design of air-cooling absorber.     

Fault diagnosis for wind turbine based on improved extreme learning machine

A fault diagnosis method based on improved extreme learning machine (IELM) is proposed to solve the weakness (weak generalization ability, low diagnostic rate) of traditional fault diagnosis with feedforward neural network algorithm. This method fuses signal feature vectors, extracts six parameters as the principal component analysis (PCA) variables, and calculates correlation coefficient matrix among the variables. The weight values of control parameters in the extreme learning model are dynamically adjusted according to the test samples’ constantly changing. Consequently, the weight fixed drawback in the original model can be remedied. A fault simulation experiment platform for wind turbine drive system is built, eight kinds of fault modes are diagnosed by the improved extreme learning model, and the result is compared with that of other machine learning methods. The experiment indicates that the method can enhance the accuracy and generalization ability of diagnosis, and increase the computing speed. It is convenient for engineering application.     

高速公路运营管理综合决策支持系统框架研究

随着高速公路的迅速发展,高速公路运营管理中决策的科学化和智能化的问题日趋突出,管理者都希望能充分发掘已有数据中隐藏的富有价值的信息来辅助决策。因此运用决策支持系统DSS、专家系统ES和智能商务BI技术构造一个以模型、知识、数据来共用驱动决策的综合决策支持系统SDSS框架,具有重要的意义。