防弹汽车玻璃失效分析

介绍了汽车防弹玻璃结构的主要特点,并利用有限元分析的方法分析了汽车防弹玻璃特殊形状对玻璃特性的影响。着重对汽车防弹玻璃的应力特征进行了分析,指出目前汽车防弹玻璃的形状是汽车防弹玻璃的应力失效的主要因素。     

桥梁顺桥向抗震减震措施研究

针对某倒虹吸跨河大桥抗震问题，对聚四氟乙烯滑板支座、铅芯—橡胶支座和液体粘滞阻尼器三种减震方案与原设计板式橡胶支座结构顺桥向减震效果进行了对比分析研究，提出了k＝1．5kN／mm、μ＝0．25的GZY300型铅芯一橡胶支座减震方案为减震结构推荐方案。该推荐结构平均地震响应比原设计降低了54．3％，减震效果显著。采取减震措施的桥梁及其倒虹吸钢管在地震作用下相当于设计烈度降低一度。     

纤维在沥青混合料中应用的研究

研究了沥青混合料掺纤维后的马歇尔稳定度、水稳定性、高温稳定性、低温抗裂性及耐疲劳性能，并与普通密集配沥青混凝土进行了路用性能的对比分析，同时探讨了纤维改善沥青混合料的强度形成机理。     

Dynamic behaviour of a high-speed train hydraulic yaw damper

This paper focuses on revealing the dynamic behaviour of a hydraulic yaw damper under very small excitation conditions. First, the measured yaw damper movement is presented when a train experiences unstable motions. It shows that the yaw damper is characterized by very small harmonic movement between 0.5 and 2?mm. Following this, a simplified physical model of the yaw damper is developed which has the ability to reproduce its dynamic performance in the range of operating conditions, and then suitably validated with experimental results. At last, the dynamic behaviour of the yaw damper under very small amplitudes is investigated by comparing with its static behaviour, and the dynamic stiffness and damping in terms of key parameters are studied. It is concluded that there is a great difference in the damper performance between dynamic and static conditions which is caused by the internal damper flexibility under small amplitudes. The percentage of entrapped air in oil, rubber attachment stiffness, and leakage flow have a great effect on the dynamic behaviour of the yaw damper related to the dynamic stiffness and damping. The effect is even more remarkable for smaller amplitudes regarding the dissolved air in oil. Oil leakage has a greater impact on dynamic damping than dynamic stiffness. The series stiffness of the yaw damper is mainly provided by the spring effect of the oil when the rubber attachment stiffness reached a certain limit, and an additional increase in rubber attachment stiffness becomes useless to further enhance the overall stiffness of the damper.     

Effects of Injection Timing on Transient Performance of A Regulated Two-Stage Turbocharged Diesel Engine with Turbine Bypass Valve

The object of this paper is to reduce soot emissions under typical 5s transient conditions of constant speed and increasing torque. And effects of fuel injection timing on combustion and emissions parameters were experimentally and numerically studied in a regulated two-stage turbocharged diesel engine with a turbine bypass valve (TBV). The test results indicated that: the smaller TBV opening could improve deterioration of smoke emissions and BSFC at medium and heavy loads. Afterward, the full-stage injection timing (FSIT) strategies (delaying injection timing during the entire transient process) could reduce soot and NO_X emissions simultaneously. However, when TBV opening became larger, smoke emissions and BSFC were deteriorated gradually. Moreover, the sectional-stage injection timing (SSIT) strategies (advancing injection timing from 10 % load to a preset load and delaying injection timing from the preset load to 100 % load) could markedly reduce soot emissions by 75.8 % with TBV opening 20 %; the degradation of fuel consumption could be effectively suppressed. Finally, coupling the SSIT strategies with the TBV control strategies could significantly improve the transient performance.     

泥水盾构水平直管内石碴起动速度研究

泥水盾构环流系统是将开挖下的石碴从掘进界面输送出来的核心系统,石碴在环流管道内的流动特性是决定石碴能否顺利输送的关键。论文基于计算流体力学和离散单元法建立泥水盾构环流系统水平直管内石碴运动模型,研究石碴形状系数、等容粒径和数量对石碴起动速度的影响。仿真研究结果表明： 在石碴等容粒径相等情况下,不同形状的石碴起动速度大小顺序为： 椭球体>扁平状>近球形;当石碴等容粒径为38.5、42.5、53.3、56.2、58 mm时,石碴起动速度分别为0.48、1.06、1.26、2.36、4.7 m/s,随等容粒径的增大呈指数增大;随数量的增多呈对数增长,多颗粒起动速度随数量的增多增幅较为平缓,最大增幅为21%。     

基于乘客主观感知的公交客流拥塞量化表征模型

为了综合量化表征公交走廊客流承载设施及工具的空间拥挤性和客流运送时间效率,并科学评价客观技术指标和主观乘客感知对公交系统运行状态的敏感度,提出客流拥塞的概念,并用客流拥塞指数量化表征公交系统运行状态。通过解析客流拥塞与出行时效的关联,并分析公交出行阶段特征,基于“时效延长”思想构建客流拥塞量化表征模型,用于系统量化乘客对出行时间和空间拥挤的主观感知;选取影响出行时效的核心要素作为特征变量（车厢客流密度、站台乘客密度、区间乘车时间和站点候车时间）,采用直观类比打分SP调查法获取数据用于估计模型参数;基于北京西三环公交走廊实测数据,分析全天区间客流拥塞指数时空分布特征和走廊客流拥塞指数动态演化趋势。研究结果表明：北京西三环公交走廊客流拥塞高峰阈值为0.193 9,客流拥塞状态存在明显的方向特征,下行方向客流拥塞高峰状态更显著且持续时间更长;4个特征变量灵敏度系数均值分别为0.449 2,0.165 2,1.427 1和0.408 3,即区间乘车时间为客流拥塞指数最显著的影响因子,而站台乘客密度的影响程度最小,模型识别公交客流拥塞成因的能力得以体现;该模型能够综合全面地反映公交走廊客流拥塞时空分布和动态演化趋势,并能够应用于公交运行状态改善措施研究。     

具有特色建筑空间的徐家棚车站设计技术探讨

为解决越江大盾构区间引起的大型换乘车站建筑功能复杂多样、使用标准高、结构型式复杂变化的问题,结合已运营的具有特殊建筑空间设计的武汉地铁8号线徐家棚站,全面探讨车站换乘方式、建筑方案、使用功能、空间效果、工程风险、结构受力等问题,并提出合理可行的工程设计创新措施; 借助提升空间、增大柱跨、通透中庭、特色装修及不同层次空间布局,打造车站高大上的空间效果; 采取合理的支撑体系及止水方案,确保长江一级阶地高承压含水层条件下的超深超大基坑的安全; 采取底板设置抗拔桩、板墙节点加腋、临时传力体系和梁柱转换体系措施,解决车站大跨度、大中庭结构设计及开孔多等结构受力问题; 创新Y型扶梯柱和悬吊天桥通道,节约站台公共空间。     

含2条软弱夹层的隧道围岩开挖过程破坏模式研究

软弱夹层是山岭隧道常遇的不良地质现象,目前关于多条软弱夹层对隧道围岩稳定性的研究尚不多见,为加强该方向的研究,采用模型试验和数值模拟研究含2条软弱夹层隧道围岩开挖过程中的破坏模式。基于实际工程背景,设计模型试验,从裂隙损伤演变、应力场及应变场变化规律3个方面得到相吻合的破坏模式：首先拱顶受剪应力影响,沿软弱夹层发生滑移,进入塑性区;然后左、右拱肩受张拉应力影响,发生了塑性变形,出现张拉裂隙;接着右拱脚受剪、拉应力影响,进入塑性区;最后左拱脚受拉、剪应力影响,进入塑性区。采用FLAC^3D软件对试验进行模拟,将模拟结果与试验结果进行对比,并分析含单条软弱夹层和含2条软弱夹层隧道围岩破坏模式的差异性。结果表明：数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合良好;2条软弱夹层的存在会抑制软弱夹层下方隧道的水平收敛;隧道顶拱之上塑性破坏区域与水平面的倾角更小,表现出更危险的破坏趋势;顶拱区域、左拱脚与左中墙连通面应作为不利区域重点考虑;含2条软弱夹层的隧道围岩破坏模式有不同于单软弱夹层的规律,基于单条软弱夹层的支护方案进行设计、施工不能满足围岩稳定要求。     

基于RFID和视频监测的城市交通运行状态模糊判别

为了确定城市道路网路的交通状态,为主动的交通管理、交通诱导及控制提供支持,提出了一种基于无线射频识别(RFID)交通检测系统和视频监控系统的交通运行状态模糊判别方法.在该方法中,交通运行状态由从RFID系统获得的车辆行驶时间和从视频监控系统中获得的车辆速度决定.由于实际的交通状态可以从视频中直接观测,因此实际交通运行状态的阈值可以根据视频来校准,用以评估本文所提出方法的性能.基于安装于南京的RFID和视频交通检测系统进行实证分析,结果表明本文所提出的方法是可行的.下一步工作可推进交通数据,特别是 RFID数据在交通管理中的应用.