整车试制阶段的电器故障诊断方法

以整车装车与跑车验证案例为背景，讨论汽车开发过程中汽车电器故障诊断的方法，阐述如何应用零部件置换原则来分析故障的重要性等级（significance）。     

Nonlinear three-dimensional wagon-track model for the investigation of rail corrugation initiation on curved track

A nonlinear wagon-track model on curved track has been developed to characterize rail corrugation formation due to self-excitation of the wheel-rail stick-slip process. In this model, wagon movements were described using up to 78 degrees of freedom (DOFs) to model a three-piece freight bogie. Innovatively, the wheelset movements are described using nine DOFs, including torsional and bending modes about the longitudinal and vertical directions. The track modelling is considered as a one-layer structure (two rail beams on discrete spring and damper elements). The wheel sliding after creepage saturation is considered in the wheel-rail interface modelling. Simulation of a case study shows that the frequencies of the wheel stick-slip process are composed of the basic frequency, which might come from the combined effect of sleeper-passing frequency and one-third of the combined torsional and bending frequency of the wheelset, and the double and triple basic frequencies, which form the wavelengths of rail corrugation at different situations.     

耐碱玻璃纤维混凝土的抗弯冲击性能研究

耐碱玻璃纤维在混凝土中分散性良好,显著改善了混凝土的抗弯冲击性能。由梁弯曲冲击试验发现:当玻璃纤维掺量为1.6~2.7 kg/m3时,纤维掺量2.7 kg/m3(G 3)的初裂冲击次数比掺量2.0 kg/m3(G 2)和1.6 kg/m3(G 1)时分别提高1.97倍和2.81倍,比素混凝土提高10.97倍;G 2的初裂冲击次数比G 1提高28%,比素混凝土提高3.03倍。G 3的破坏冲击次数比G 2提高1.95倍,比G 1提高2.78倍,比素混凝土提高11.01倍;G 2的破坏冲击次数比G 1提高28%,比素混凝土提高3.08倍;G 1的破坏冲击次数比素混凝土提高2.18倍。纤维质量掺量由2.0 kg/m3提高到2.7 kg/m3时,对改善混凝土抗弯冲击性能效果十分显著。玻璃纤维显著改善了混凝土的抗弯冲击性能,可以用于机场道面、桥面等工程。     

基于Takens理论和SVM的滑坡位移预测

针对滑坡变形时序非线性,数据量少的特点,引入Takens理论,采用支持向量机(SVM)建立其预测模型,建模过程中,比较了由不同核函数获得的SVM模型的性能,同时将SVM与RBF、El-man神经网络模型进行外推7步预测试验比较。结果表明:RBF核函数具有更好的工程实用价值;在有限样本情况下,SVM预测模型具有更好的准确性和泛化性,其7步预测平均误差率控制在5%以内,可见该方法在滑坡变形预测方面极具潜力。     

基于Elman神经网络的车用汽油机过渡工况空燃比辨识

以HL495Q型电喷汽油机为研究对象,分析了汽油机空燃比的数学模型,提出了一种基于Elman神经网络的过渡工况空燃比辨识方法。试验结果表明,Elman神经网络空燃比模型具有简单的网络结构,能高精度地逼近车用汽油机空燃比的实际动态过程,模型的平均相对误差小于1%,优于前馈BP神经网络模型的辨识结果。建立的Elman神经网络空燃比模型能改善过渡工况空燃比控制精度,提高排放性能。     

环氧沥青混凝土施工温度控制

简要介绍环氧沥青混凝土的发展和生产环氧沥青混凝土所需的施工设备，以及拌和场设置的位置。并结合某钢桥面施工实例着重介绍拌和工序各环节的温度设定和控制方法，提出环氧沥青混凝土施工过程中应该注意的几个问题。     

水泥混凝土路面碎石化层应力强度因子有限元分析

为比较是否碎石化对加铺后沥青路面结构应力的影响,本文从断裂力学入手,借助有限元软件,按等参八节点二维平面应变单元分析了两者在沥青加铺层情况相同时层底的应力强度因子。经对比分析,两者的Ⅰ型应力强度因子差别很大,而Ⅱ型应力强度因子基本相同,表明碎石化后沥青加铺层层底具有更好的受力特性,与不破碎直接加铺相比,能显著降低沥青加铺层底反射裂缝的可能性。这表明碎石化工艺对旧水泥混凝土路面的处治能满足加铺要求,达到了工艺处理的目的。     

关于液化气体罐车防波板容舱容积的探讨

根据国内外现行的法规和标准,提出了液化气体罐车防波板的数量设置问题,分析了防波板间“隔断容积”与防波板间“舱容积”之间的相互关系,并对相关法规的修订提出了建议。     

浅谈提高高速公路绿化植物成活率的重要控制环节

植树工程是高速公路环境绿化工程的重要组成部分,然而苗木移栽的成活率直接影响到高速公路整体绿化效果。通过加强施工管理、施工技术等重要环节的控制,渝湛高速公路(粤境段)的环境绿化已取得良好效果,各种苗木的成活率均达95%以上。根据渝湛高速公路(粤境段)的种植土壤及气候条件,结合绿化植树施工经验总结了几点提高成活率的重要控制环节。     

Short-term Hourly Traffic Forecasts using Hong Kong Annual Traffic Census

The need for acquiring the current-year traffic data is a problem for transport planners since such data may not be available for on-going transport studies. A method is proposed in this paper to predict hourly traffic flows up to and into the near future, using historical data collected from the Hong Kong Annual Traffic Census (ATC). Two parametric and two non-parametric models have been employed and evaluated in this study. The results show that the non-parametric models (Non-Parametric Regression (NPR) and Gaussian Maximum Likelihood (GML)) were more promising for predicting hourly traffic flows at the selected ATC station. Further analysis encompassing 87 ATC stations revealed that the NPR is likely to react to unexpected changes more effectively than the GML method, while the GML model performs better under steady traffic flows. Taking into consideration the dynamic nature of the common traffic patterns in Hong Kong and the advantages/disadvantages of the various models, the NPR model is recommended for predicting the hourly traffic flows in that region.