浅谈三位一体桥梁养护管理体系构建

提出三位一体桥梁养护管理体系概念,并结合广州珠江黄埔大桥养护管理工作的运用情况,对此体系进行说明,为特大型桥梁养护管理提供参考.     

8170型柴油机应用可变几何排气管增压系统的计算研究

为了实现8缸柴油机高低负荷兼顾,提出新的可变几何排气管增压系统,通过安装在排气管上的可控阀门来实现增压方式的转换。对可变几何排气管增压系统进行稳态和瞬态计算研究。稳态计算结果表明,与原机MPC增压系统相比,在25%、50%、75%和100%负荷时,可变几何排气管增压系统的平均扫气系数均大于MPC系统的平均扫气系数,油耗均小于MPC增压系统的油耗。瞬态计算结果表明,可控阀门关闭以后,压气机后进气压力增加的程度较大。     

浸水板式结构的动力特性与声辐射特性数值分析

以镶嵌在无限大刚性障板上的板和板加筋结构为研究对象,应用Rayleigh积分计算得到流体对结构的加载效应以附加质量的形式,叠加到有限元离散的结构动力方程中进行耦合.针对附加质量矩阵不对称的特点应用Lanczos-QR算法求取非对称阵的广义特征值和特征向量问题,基于结构表面振速计算声功率,并基于能量的概念计算声辐射阻尼.研究分析了流体可压缩性、附加质量计算频率、板厚以及加筋方式对板式结构的振动特性影响,和流体特性、激励位置、板厚、加筋方式、边界条件对板式结构的声辐射特性影响,为板和板加筋结构振动噪声预报提供了一定依据.     

Simulating the impacts of household travel on greenhouse gas emissions,urban air quality,and population exposure

This paper establishes a link between an activity-based model for the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), dynamic traffic assignment, emission modelling, and air quality simulation. This provides agent-based output that allows vehicle emissions to be tracked back to individuals and households who are producing them. In addition, roadway emissions are dispersed and the resulting ambient air concentrations are linked with individual time-activity patterns in order to assess population exposure to air pollution. This framework is applied to evaluate the effects of a range of policy interventions and 2031 scenarios on the generation of vehicle emissions and greenhouse gases in the GTA. Results show that the predicted increase of approximately 2.6 million people and 1.3 million jobs in the region by 2031 compared to 2001 levels poses a major challenge in achieving meaningful reductions in GHGs and air pollution.     

A network option portfolio management framework for adaptive transportation planning

A real option portfolio management framework is proposed to make use of an adaptive network design problem developed using stochastic dynamic programming methodologies. The framework is extended from Smit’s and Trigeorgis’ option portfolio framework to incorporate network synergies. The adaptive planning framework is defined and tested on a case study with time series origin-destination demand data. Historically, OD time series data is costly to obtain, and there has not been much need for it because most transportation models use a single time-invariant estimate based on deterministic forecasting of demand. Despite the high cost and institutional barriers of obtaining abundant OD time series data, we illustrate how having higher fidelity data along with an adaptive planning framework can result in a number of improved management strategies. An insertion heuristic is adopted to run the lower bound adaptive network design problem for a coarse Iran network with 834 nodes, 1121 links, and 10 years of time series data for 71,795 OD pairs.     

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公交服务质量是影响公交出行分担率的重要因素. 本文利用联合分析方法对乘客对于公交服务的属性偏好进行研究. 通过实际调查及数据分析,得出了可靠性、发车间隔、步行时间等方面属性水平的效用值,并由此确定了各种属性的权重. 研究结果表明乘客最为重视的是可靠性,其次是车内环境、步行时间、发车间隔,而站台环境和价格所占权重较小. 本文还对南京市的公交服务质量进行了调查. 结果表明乘客对于高峰时期可靠性、车内环境和发车间隔的评价低于非高峰时期,且乘客对于可靠性的评价很低,对于高峰时期的车内环境和发车间隔的评价也较低.     

Conjoint Analysis Based Transit Service Quality Research

Transit quality service is an important factor that affects the bus split rate. This paper studies the passenger's preference of the bus service with the conjoint analysis. Through the actual survey and data analysis, the utility values of the reliability, frequency, walking time, etc. are measured. And the attributes' weights are determined through the utility values. The results show that the bus reliability is passengers' first concern, which is followed by in-bus environment, walking time and frequency. And the station environment and the price weight low. Then the bus service quality in Nanjing was investigated based on the attributes. The results show that passengers' evaluations about reliability, in-bus environment and frequency in the peak period are much lower than that in the non-peak period. And their evaluation on reliability is very low. The peak period in-bus environment and frequency also get bad evaluation.     

缓倾斜中厚煤层混凝土沿空留巷工业试验

为在缓倾斜中厚煤层综采工作面沿空留巷,提高资源回收率,提出用泵送混凝土作为巷旁充填材料、充填体两侧用单体液压支柱临时支护、采空区侧用锚索加强支护的联合支护方案.对混凝土充填材料进行了配比试验,根据岩层控制理论确定支护参数,在金刚煤矿3117综采工作面进行了工业试验.试验结果表明:普通混凝土巷旁充填,辅以单体液压支柱作为临时支护,可以弥补混凝土初期强度低的缺点,能有效控制顶板岩层.     

有限深度均匀流中圆柱桩群绕流对流速的影响*

通过有限深度均匀流水槽试验研究不同圆柱桩群对均匀水流的绕流影响程度.通过多组试验研究数据对比分析得到圆柱桩群对均匀水流的影响规律;不同圆柱桩群对同样水流影响性质与程度的差别;不同圆柱桩群对水流流场影响范围的规律;圆柱桩群的阻流率、排架密度、桩群长度对水流流场的影响规律;不同流速的水流对圆柱桩群影响的反应规律;水流绕流圆柱桩群时,横向断面流速的变化规律等.研究分析还发现:桩群阻力是桩群影响水流的一个因素但非唯一因素,桩群的排列方式和桩群迎流角对水流流速的变化有不同程度的影响,且其影响程度大于阻力影响.     

斜拉桥稳定性分析的主梁有限元模型探讨

对一座施工到最大双悬臂时的预应力混凝土斜拉桥进行稳定性有限元分析,该桥的主梁为双主肋式,通过选取不同的主梁有限元模型进行特征值屈曲计算,讨论了这些有限元模型对于主梁刚度的模拟的特点,指出了传统单主梁和双主梁模型的缺点.针对双主梁模型,提出了一种采用等效刚度模拟横向连接的方法,可简化计算.