涡轮增压发动机低辛烷值燃料的试验研究

研究基于一台2.3 L四缸的涡轮增压汽油机,国内的推荐燃油为RON95汽油。由于匹配该发动机的车型要出口伊朗,当地的燃油多为RON85汽油;因此,需要在台架上进行低辛烷值燃料的性能开发试验。试验中需要综合调整点火提前角(Spark advanced Angle,SA)、空燃比(Air Fuel Ratio,AFR)以及最大增压压力确保该发动机在任何工况下正常运行,且不发生爆震现象。结果表明:由于使用燃料的辛烷值降低,点火提前角普遍减小。而点火提前角的降低又会引起排气温度的升高,降低空燃比进行催化器保护。接近外特性工况下,通过降低最大增压压力,牺牲发动机的性能来确保其稳定运行。     

Integral transform solution for fluid force investigation of a flexible circular cylinder subject to vortex-induced vibrations

In the present paper, fluid force distribution of a long flexible cylinder subject to vortex-induced vibrations is investigated by Generalized Integral Transform Technique (GITT). This method is using experimental response data as input, and then implementing GITT to transfer the governing differential equations to ordinary differential equations. Therefore, the selection of truncation order could be analyzed to avoid the error induced by the high-mode response. Once each mode contribution of fluid force is obtained, the analytical inversion transfer recovers the fluid force. An experiment was carried out in a towing tank and the experimental response was accurately measured and used as input, then GITT was performed to calculate the fluid force distribution of the long flexible cylinder. The comparison between the numerical results from GITT and the experimental results from load cell verified the capability and availability of the proposed method. If one can use this method for lower modes, then one certainly can extend the method for higher modes. Two experimental cases from the literature were evaluated and good agreement was obtained based on the spatio-temporal evolutions of the lift coefficient and the mode numbers. Since this method is easy to implement, it could be an alternative method to investigate fluid force of such slender structures.     

Experimental study on piston- and sloshing- mode moonpool resonances

An experimental study was performed on the piston- and sloshing-mode moonpool resonances of offshore structures. Two different geometries were considered to investigate the flow characteristics in a plain moonpool and a moonpool with a cofferdam. To examine the efficiency of a cofferdam for reducing the flow in a moonpool, three cofferdam geometries were tested. The plain moonpool presented violent flows as a result of the piston- and sloshing-mode resonances. However, the moonpool with the cofferdam introduced violent sloshing waves instead of the ascent and descent of the water column in the piston-mode moonpool resonance. Among three different cofferdam geometries, the model with a right triangle facing to the left on the top of the cofferdam was most effective in reducing the flow in the moonpool when compared with the other models.     

Motion response prediction by hybrid panel-stick models for a semi-submersible with bracings

A diffraction-radiation analysis is usually required when the hydrodynamic interactions between structural members occur in short waves. For bracings or small cylindrical members, which play important roles in the vicinity of the natural frequency of a floating platform, special care should be taken into account for the effect of viscous damping. Two hybrid panel-stick models are, therefore, developed, through the combination of the standard diffraction-radiation method and the Morison’s formulae, considering the effect of small members differently. The fluid velocity is obtained directly by the panel model. The viscous fluid force is calculated for individual members by the stick model. A semi-submersible type platform with a number of fine cylindrical structures, which is designed as a floating foundation for multiple wind turbines, is analyzed as a numerical example. The results show that viscous force has significant influence on the hydrodynamic behavior of the floating body and can successfully be considered by the proposed hybrid models.     

Large-eddy simulation of cross-flow around ship sections

The present work is motivated by phenomena occurring in the flow field around ship-like bodies with an incoming lateral flow (cross-flow, 90 ° drift angle). Three-dimensional unsteady flows around different ship sections are investigated by using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) tools with large-eddy simulation (LES) subgrid-scale turbulence model. The simulation results are compared to measurements at several Reynolds numbers in the 90–200,000 range. Focus in our investigation is on the characterization of the motion of vortex structures generated by the separated flow. Another target in the study is to obtain better knowledge of the hydrodynamic forces acting on the sections. Computed pressure and drag coefficients are compared with experimental measurements. The comparison between simulations and measurements shows that an LES model can predict the flow field around ship sections in detail and the hydrodynamic forces acting on the sections.     

超前桩复合土钉墙内部稳定性研究

从超前桩复合土钉墙失稳形式出发,采用理论分析,建立了超前桩复合土钉墙稳定性分析模型,推导出了超前桩复合土钉墙稳定性计算式,并以工程实例进行了验证.     

城市公交系统的时间可靠度研究

针对城市公共交通系统的行车时间和行车问隙易受影响的特点,以整个公交出行链为落脚点,从出行者的角度对公交的运行时间和乘客的在站等车时间进行了研究,建立了公交的运行时间可靠度、等候时间可靠度模型.以北京市为例,对晚高峰的公交时间可靠度进行了计算和分析,结果表明北京市的公交时间可靠度为中等水平.     

基于六通道道路模拟机的重型汽车路面激励再现试验

利用INSTBON六通道道路模拟机对三轴式重型汽车进行了路面激励再现研究.介绍了路面激励再现的基本原理,分析了在道路信号采集与处理、试验系统频响特性识别、迭代运算及迭代质量评价等环节遇到的问题.以安徽定远汽车试验场的鱼鳞坑路面为例进行了模拟迭代试验,经过23次迭代后各测点的迭代误差均小于10%,即模拟响应与道路响应的功率谱密度基本吻合,实现了对实际路面激励的模拟.     

基于耐撞性能的白车身简化模型建模研究

以白车身前纵梁为例,基于白车身的耐撞件能对设计初期简化模型的建模进行了研究.引入神经网络技术实现了白车身耐撞性能参数与梁单元特性参数的非线性映射,通过提取和储存梁单元的特性参数,实现了梁单元模型对传统壳单元有限元模型的等效替代和模型优化.研究表明,通过神经网络技术得到的梁单元模型能够准确体现白车身的正碰特性参数,可在概念设计阶段对车身耐撞性进行有效预测.