电子车牌识别系统的开发及应用前景分析

对电子车牌识别系统的技术开发和应用前景作了阐述,并对其在各相关领域中的应用进行了介绍和分析。     

基于随机机会约束规划的班轮联盟 舱位租赁最优分配

面对持续低迷的航运市场和激烈的市场竞争,各大集装箱班轮公司通过组建联盟 来共享舱位资源,降低其系统成本,增加市场竞争力.舱位租赁是联盟合作的最基础形式,研究 该模式下的舱位资源最优分配具有很大实际意义.本文在考虑航运市场不确定需求的基础上, 研究了班轮联盟舱位租赁最优分配问题,构建了1 个班轮联盟舱位租赁最优分配模型,并运用 随机机会约束规划的方法,将其应用到班轮联盟舱位租赁分配决策中.结果表明,本文提出的 方法和模型能够有效地对班轮联盟系统舱位进行协同配置,研究结果与实际情况相符,检验 了方法和模型的有效性与实用性.     

基于信息理论的交通信息量度量

针对语音信息缺乏量化和指路标志信息度量未反应实际出行条件下路网规模的影响作用问题,引入信息理论,构建语音信息量度量模型和图像信息量度量模型. 设计包含23组不同信息量的实验路网,测定不同信息量下的驾驶员反应时间. 研究结果显示:交通信息总量为52.22、57.90 bit时,出现反应时间的区域峰值;信息总量在50.74～57.38 bit区间段时,利于驾驶员对交通信息的认知且不产生信息量过载的现象;标志信息量为45.1、49.7 bit时,语音信息量位于5.12～10.24 bit区间利于降低驾驶员反应时间;语音信息量为5.12 bit时,标志信息位于49.70～54.30 bit区间利于提高驾驶员对交通状况认知.      

基于乘客出行时间的公交站距优化研究

经济的发展带动交通事业的进步,公共交通已成为人们出行过程中必不可少的工具。因此,如何提高公共交通运行效率也成为人们研究的重要内容,而对公交站间距的优化更是重中之重。本文在分析乘客出行过程的基础上,以时间为衡量标准,提出乘客出行时间最小的公交站距优化模型;并结合实际数据对各影响因素进行灵敏度分析,验证了模型的适用性和有效性。     

基于IC卡数据的武汉市轨道交通客流时空特征

为了精准评估武汉市轨道交通运行现状、科学辅助编制轨道交通线网规划与建设规划、探寻运营组织中的潜在问题,通过对全市公共交通IC卡记录以及地理信息数据的融合与挖掘,从全网、走廊、断面等方面量化分析轨道交通发展历程和客流时空分布特征。在此基础上建立职住辨识模型,用于获取典型居住和就业区域的空间分布信息。基于此分析通勤群体的出行时间、距离、范围、方向不均衡性以及换乘等特征,并通过群体出行规律分析城市空间布局。最后对城市轨道交通发展提出建议:建立多样化运营模式,大力发展公共交通一体化换乘,注重轨道交通沿线土地开发利用和配套设施建设,加强各行政区协同发展和鼓励就近就业等。     

TDOA Passive Location Based on Cuckoo Search Algorithm

This paper formulates a new framework to estimate the target position by adopting cuckoo search(CS)positioning algorithm. Addressing the nonlinear optimization problem is a crucial spot in the location system of time difference of arrival(TDOA). With the application of the Levy flight mechanism, the preferential selection mechanism and the elimination mechanism, the proposed approach prevents positioning results from falling into local optimum. These intelligent mechanisms are useful to ensure the population diversity and improve the convergence speed. Simulation results demonstrate that the cuckoo localization algorithm has higher locating precision and better performance than the conventional methods. Compared with particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm and Newton iteration algorithm, the proposed method can obtain the Cram′er-Rao lower bound(CRLB) and quickly achieve the global optimal solutions.     

Adaptive Sliding-Mode Tracking Control for an Uncertain Nonlinear SISO Servo System with a Disturbance Observer

An adaptive sliding mode controller with a disturbance observer (ASMC-DO) is proposed for the control of a single-input and single-output (SISO) servo system which has uncertain parameters, nonlinear friction, disturbance and input saturation. It is difficult to choose the suitable value of the parameters. The newly designed adaptive method is used to reduce the effects of system time-varying parameters, such as the moment of inertia and the damp coefficient. The robustness of object is improved. A DO is selected to approximate the compound disturbance and to render the estimate error convergent in finite time. The stability and the convergence of the closed-loop system are proved by using the Lyapunov theory. Experimental results show that the proposed ASMC-DO can better satisfy the influence of variable parameters and external disturbance to the control precision of the SISO servo system than other two controllers. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is showed. The control input stability and robust performances of the input saturation system are enhanced and the chattering is reduced.     

Catalytic Combustion of Lean Methane Assisted by Electric Field over Pd/Co<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> Catalysts at Low Temperature

A series of Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts were prepared by Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (SHS) method in this study, and electric field was applied for catalytic combustion of lean methane over Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts at low temperature. When electric field was applied, the catalytic combustion performance of Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts was greatly improved, and the application of electric field could reduce the load of active element Pd to some extent while maintaining the same efficiency. Based on experimental tests and the analysis results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), H₂-temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) and in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in-situ DRIFTS), the mechanism of catalytic oxidation of CH₄ over Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts in electric field was proposed. The catalytic combustion of CH₄ occurs only when the temperature is higher than 250 °C normally, but when electric field was applied, the whole process of CH₄ oxidation was promoted significantly and the reaction temperature was reduced. Electric field could promote the reduction of the support Co₃O₄ to release the lattice oxygen, resulting in the increase of PdO_x and the surface chemisorbed oxygen, which could provide more active sites for the low-temperature oxidation of CH₄. Furthermore, electric field could accelerate the dehydroxylation of CoOOH to further enhance the activity of the catalysts.     

Geometric calibration algorithm of polarization camera using planar patterns

Polarization pattern provides additional information besides spectral signatures. It can be used in many applications, such as navigation, defect detection and object identification. A novel polarization camera composed of four synchronized cameras is proposed, and it can realize real-time polarization measurement. This study particularly concentrates on the geometric calibration of the system. The projection model is analyzed and the multi-camera calibration algorithm is proposed. Firstly, each camera is calibrated separately using planar patterns, and then the geometric calibration algorithms are performed. Due to the geometrical constraint, a global optimization method results in smaller estimation uncertainties. A mean rotation error of 0.025° and a mean translation error of 0.26mm are achieved after geometric calibration. The images are rectified to establish a correspondence among cameras and are combined to acquire the polarization measurement. The polarization pattern of the skylight is measured by the system and the results are consistent with the previous studies.     

Effect of orthogonal stiffeners on the stability of axially compressed steel jacking pipe

Load conditions for steel pipe-jacking are complex during the construction stage. The stability of steel jacking pipe has been an increasingly important problem as jacking forces, pipe diameters and jacking distances increase. However, there are no standards for pipe reinforcement, for prevention of buckling, or for remedying pipe that buckles when being jacked axially. Past experience suggests that stiffeners can effectively reinforce the structure. This study analyzes the effect of different stiffeners on the stability of steel jacking pipe under axial compression using finite element analysis. The results suggest that the stability of steel jacking pipe can be significantly improved by using orthogonal stiffeners, in terms of engineering costs and construction space inside the pipe. Based on current engineering practice, the application of orthogonal stiffeners is discussed. This study provides a useful reference for the design and construction of steel jacking pipe.