Alternative systems for urban transport in India

This paper is in the context of studying alternative systems of urban transport in India to determine the costs and performance not only for public transport systems but also for the total transport scenario (i.e. for all vehicles) such that the economic costs are inclusive of costs of time (conservatively), accidents and pollution. In view of inherent deficiencies and delays associated with a traditional transport planning process and its implementation, the paper develops quick response land-use transport planning models for Indian cities to enable integrated, cost-efficient strategies to be evolved, recognizing that urban transport is a function of urban size, form, structure, socio-economic base, etc. A simple statistically significant demand model identified from a basis of appropriate data represents the recommended demand model for Indian cities. This model can be then conveniently used to project trip volume for any Indian city in a future year. A simple gravity model is used to generate the trip assignment for hypothesized city sizes, forms and structures. The results provide a fairly reasonable approximation for the major corridor trip volumes and lengths in the context of the transport requirement for the metropolitan cities in India in 2001 and 2011 A.D. The GOI Study Group arising from the investigations reported in this paper and the discounted cash-flow method of analysis made clear overall recommendations in February 1987 for cities of various populations.     

Assessing the CO2 impact of current and future rail track in the UK

This paper investigates the CO₂ impact of current and future UK rail track and estimates the material, process and transport emissions associated with construction, maintenance and end-of-life activities for designs at high and low traffic loads. Analysis shows that for current track configurations, track with concrete sleepers has the lowest CO₂ impact, followed by steel, hardwood and softwood. Several potential future rail track designs have been analysed including embedded rail and double and quadruple-headed rail. All future track designs have a lower impact than current designs, but this improvement is more marked at high traffic loads. Up to a 40% reduction in CO₂ impact could be achieved if the UK rail network was to move from conventional track design to a double-headed embedded rail design. Key levers for reducing the CO₂ impact of track are identified as service life extension, traffic load reduction and the selection of low impact track designs.     

自平衡法在文明特大桥桩基承载力试验中的应用

结合自平衡法在厦蓉高速公路文明特大桥钻孔灌注桩的承载力试验中的应用,详细阐释了自平衡测桩法的关键技术,总结了自平衡测试技术的施工经验,为同类桥梁的桩基试验提供了有益的借鉴。     

磨粒的三维测量与重构

在铁谱分析中引入计算机三维测量与重构技术,通过使用改进拉普拉斯算子对在普通光学显微镜下拍摄到的磨粒连续图像序列进行清晰度分析来测量磨粒表面高度,重构磨粒三维图像.在普通光学显微镜下快速、方便地获取磨粒表面三维图,使铁谱分析技术不再仅限于对磨粒图像的二维分析.     

6240/275ZC型系列船用柴油机增压器的研制

介绍了6240/275ZC型船用柴油机增压器ZN270的研制情况.大连机车研究所公司针对该型柴油机的运用特点在性能、结构和维护等方面进行了增压器的设计,通过与不同柴油机制造厂家生产的此类型柴油机进行了配套试验,取得了良好效果,现已在国内使用,对于拓展该型柴油机的应用提供了有力地支持.     

考虑防撞墙影响的高速铁路桥梁声屏障及翼缘板上脉动力数值分析

以可压缩黏性流体的N-S方程和k-ε双方程湍流模型为基础,考虑防撞墙对空压的影响,采用计算流体力学软件PHOENICS,对高速列车行驶时作用在有防撞墙铁路桥梁声屏障和箱梁翼缘板上的脉动力分布进行数值分析.结果表明,列车车头驶入声屏障、经过声屏障中部区域和驶出声屏障时,声屏障各处脉动力时程曲线形式不同,脉动力沿声屏障高度的分布为先增大后减小,约在1/2声屏障高度处达到最大值;桥梁翼缘板上的脉动力峰值沿横桥向基本呈线性增大至防撞墙处;声屏障和桥梁翼缘板上的脉动力峰值与列车速度的平方呈线性关系.根据分析结果给出了脉动力峰值计算公式以及考虑脉动力的结构设计组合荷载.     

用动物模型定位、克隆复杂性疾病的易感基因:以类风湿关节炎动物模型为范例(续前)

3在大鼠关节炎模型上定位克隆易感基因在大鼠关节炎模型定位克隆易感基因,如图1所示:是将经典的纯系育种分离技术,结合congenic和重组系的建立,窄化易感区域,定位克隆基因,最终确定基因变异、功能变化和关节炎表型的关系[34-35]。具体步骤见图1。图1在大鼠关节炎模型上,定位克隆关节炎易感基因流程图Fig.1 Identification of susceptible genes to arthritis in rat models3.1选择亲代近交系,建立关节炎模型在数种关节炎模型中,用于进行基因定位克隆的模型有:胶原诱导性关节炎、油诱导性关节炎和Pristane诱导的关节炎。我们的研究工作主要…     

One-dimensional model on fuel penetration in diesel sprays with gas flow

In diesel engine, spray penetration is usually changed by in-cylinder gas flow. Accurate prediction on diesel spray with gas flow is important to the optimal design of diesel fuel injection system. This paper presents a theory investigation focusing on the penetration of diesel spray with gas flow. In order to understand the effect of gas flow on the penetration of diesel spray, a one-dimensional spray model is developed from an idealized diesel spray, which is able to predict the spray behavior under different gas flow conditions. The ambient gas flow is simplified as ideal flow that has only constant flow velocity along x-axial and y-axial directions of spray. The x-axial and y-axial directions are respectively defined as along and vertical spray directions. The main assumption is that the y-axial direction gas flow has no effect on the penetration of spray along x-axial direction. The principles of conservation of mass and momentum are used in the derivation. Momentum of in-cylinder air flow is also taken into consideration. Validation of the model at stable condition is achieved by comparing model predictions with experimental measurements of diesel spray without gas flow from Naber's experiments. Furthermore, CFD simulations on penetration of diesel spray with gas flow were performed with the commercial code AVL-fire. The onedimensional model is validated by the penetration results with gas flow from CFD calculation. Results show that a reasonable estimation of the spray evolution can be obtained for both with and without ambient gas flow conditions.     

基于神经网络的高温下（后）预应力损失分析

提出了基于神经网络的高温下(后)预应力损失的评价方法.针对影响高温下(后)预应力损失的复杂多变性和相当强的不确定性,建立了基于神经网络的高温下(后)预应力损失模型.运用神经网络强大的自适应、自组织、自学习的能力以及高度的非线性映射性、泛化性和容错性的特点,通过对训练样本的神经网络学习,建立了预应力损失与温度、初始有效预应力以及高温条件的网络关系,最终实现了对测试样本的预应力损失预报.