Towards a dynamic discrete-choice model of household automobile fleet size and composition

The emphasis on energy consumption in studies of traveller behaviour has led to increased interest in the development of policy sensitive models of automobile demand. In recognition of the fuller dimensions of automobile demand, a number of studies have considered choice amongst types of automobiles as well as number of automobiles. With rare exception, existing studies have concentrated on either type choice or number choice. In all instances the approach has been static. This paper develops a series of linked discrete-choice models to explain household automobile holdings (type and number) and adjustments in the holdings over time. The empirical study is part of an initial data effort leading up to the development of a full scale longitudinal panel of Sydney households. A model system based on a retrospective panel of 354 households, interviewed in 1980, is reported herein. The model is dynamic in the sense that it allows for prior decisions, brand loyalty and the costs of transacting.     

Parking policy,parking location decisions and the distribution of congestion

The paper develops and tests a model which characterizes the parking location decisions of individual tripmakers. The model is designed to offer information concerning the effects of alternative parking policies on parking location decisions and therefore the effects on the distribution of congestion in an urban area.Own price, time price and full price elasticities for alternative parking locations are estimated. The own price elasticity is found to rise with distance from the destination point while the time price elasticity falls with distance. The full price elasticity is found to be relatively stable.One is able to determine from the calculated elasticities, the effects of alternative parking policies such as raising parking fees, time restrictions, or increasing search or transaction costs on the distribution of individuals consuming parking services; from this one can infer the impact on the distribution of congestion.The paper also offers some explanation for the low elasticity of auto use with respect to changes in parking costs found in some modal choice studies.The author is indebted to Adolf Buse, Ken Norrie and Richard Westin for helpful comments and criticism.     

E-TYPE雕塑

每年夏天的英国古德伍德速度节(GoodwoodFestival of Speed)上,最大的设计亮点是Goodwood House前的雕塑。在过去的十年间,这块艺术宝地一直被英国著名艺术家兼设计师Gerry Judah占领,今年也不例外。这里矗立的是一尊高达28米的捷豹E-Type,以此来庆祝此款跑车诞生50     

是时候为中国制造了

香港的购物名区铜锣湾有一个以年青人顾客为对象的小商场"银座商场",熟悉此商场的人都知这里是潮流服饰小店的"英雄地"——很多抱着潮流时装梦的小店老板满腔热血地开业,预算付出一年半载的"进场费"(包括租金、买货和销售的成本)来证明自己的时尚触觉和眼光,更关键的是用有限的时间去摸索商场的客路、时尚品味,以至细微到顾客喜欢的颜色、不会碰的剪裁、购物的习性等     

法国铁路基础设施费用的新概念

笔者曾讨论了一些有关基础设施建设资金的看法,最后得出的结论是:为基础设施建设制定的收费标准既应该考虑到基础设施基金的因素,也不能与因政治决策而导致的基础设施的税收政策分开.法国根据1997年2月12日的法律和1997年5月5日的法令实行了改革,原则上规定,由政府在两年期限内对收费标准进行控制,第一、第二年的数额分别为58.5亿和60亿法郎.这样就等于说,交税者每年要在基础设施建设方面支付250亿～260亿法郎的税金.因此税收的数额将比以往政府包揽的SNCF(法国国营铁路公司)的费用大两倍.     

Discrete/continuous econometric models and their application to transport analysis

A wide range of transport‐related decisions involve the linking of discrete choices (e.g. of vehicle choice) and continuous choices (e.g. of vehicle use). In recent years econometricians have developed procedures for integrating such choices into a framework that is both economically and statistically sound. The literature is however somewhat technical. The objective of this paper is to provide a general overview of the basic elements of discrete/continuous econometric modelling with an emphasis on transport applications. It is hoped that such an introduction will demonstrate that the essence of the approach for the practitioner is quite straightforward and can be implemented with widely available computer software.     

Base Dynamic Parameter Estimation of a MacPherson Suspension Mechanism

Summary A MacPherson suspension mechanism is modeled as a two degrees of freedom spatial mechanism. Its dynamic response under two excitement forces is simulated with the motion equations in Euler Parameters with the off-the-center-of-mass body-fixed coordinates derived in this paper. Simulation results are sampled and input into a numerical estimation routine based on singular value decomposition (SVD). Accurate numerical estimation results are achieved. A set of base dynamic parameters in symbolic expressions is also derived from the numerical results utilizing the concepts of mass transfer and moments of inertia transfer. This makes it possible to apply the estimation results to any MacPherson suspension mechanism with the same joint configuration. The potential applications of the symbolic base dynamic parameters in suspension design are also considered.     

将在南非运行的Electrostar电动车组

介绍了南非引进在英国运营的Electrostar电动车组的结构特点及主要技术参数。     

欧洲走廊将大规模安装欧洲铁路运输管理系统

欧洲铁路运输管理系统安装会议于2006年4月4日-6日在匈牙利的布达佩斯举行。此次会议由国际铁路联盟主持召开，会议旨在部署欧洲铁路运输管理系统在六大欧洲铁路运输走廊上的安装。此前，欧盟委员会与铁路部门已于3月份通过了一项谅解备忘录。     

NOVEL PHOSPHORYLATION SITES OF EUKARYOTIC INITIATION FACTOR－4E AND EVIDENCE THAT PHOSPHORYLATION STABILIZES INTERACTIONS OF T

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