Multi-scale simulation for the forming of a heavy vessel head considering the evolution of defects and microstructure

The head of nuclear pressure vessel is a key component to guarantee the safety of nuclear power plant, so it is necessary to improve its mechanical properties during manufacturing. In the practical production, due to the huge size of the ingots from which the head is manufactured, coarse grains and voids are common defects existing in the material. Furthermore, cracks may appear in the forming process. It is highly demanded that the forming process must be properly designed with suitable parameters to compact the voids, to refine and homogenize the grains and to avoid cracks. Therefore, the research on the evolution of internal voids, grain size and cracks is very important to determine the forming process of huge components. SA508-3 steel is the material to manufacture the head of pressure vessel in the nuclear island. In the previous studies, we have separately built models to evaluate the evolution of internal voids, grain size and cracks during the hot forming process for SA508-3 steel. This study integrates the models for multi-scale simulation of the forging process of the head of nuclear pressure vessel in order to control the quality of the forgings. Through the software development, the models are integrated with a commercial finite element code DEFORM. Then, the extended forging and final forging processes of the head are investigated, and some appropriate deformation parameters are recommended.     

A new fractal model of elastic,elastoplastic and plastic normal contact stiffness for slow sliding interface considering dynamic friction and strain hardening

The deflection properties of elastic stage, elastoplastic stage and plastic stage of elastomer were analyzed. Taking account of the kinetic friction force in friction interface and strain hardening in slow sliding interface, the elastic, elastoplastic and plastic normal contact stiffness model for harsh surface was established, which revised the Majumdar-Bhushan fractal model and made it more perfect. In the combination of macro and micro perspective, the effects of coarse surface fractal variables, kinetic friction force in the friction interface, material characters of the friction couples on the contact status and contact property were discussed by the study of digital analysis. Results imply that the normal contact stiffness improves with the increasing real contact area and normal contact load, and reduces with the augment of kinetic friction coefficient. When the kinetic friction coefficient is smaller than 0.3, the normal contact stiffness comprises a linear decrease with the increment of kinetic friction coefficient. When the kinetic friction coefficient is bigger than 0.3, the normal contact stiffness has an exponential decrease with the increasing kinetic friction coefficient.     

考虑地域差异的柴油汽车排放清单建立方法研究

柴油汽车排放是目前城市大气污染的重要组成部分,如何结合区域差异建立柴油汽车排放清单是制定相关减排政策的基础工作.首先按照使用用途将柴油汽车划分为7种车型,选择国Ⅲ 、国Ⅳ、国Ⅴ共3种排放标准的车辆得到基础排放因子;具体分析不同区域的柴油汽车排放相关影响因素及修正权值,包含环境参数、车速分布、载重系数及劣化系数;结合修正参数建立柴油汽车综合排放因子计算公式及城市柴油汽车排放清单计算模型,以淄博市为例完成了城市柴油汽车排放清单的建立.研究结论表明,本文提出的柴油汽车排放清单建立方法,适用于结合不同城市的环境特征、车辆特征和道路特征定量评价柴油汽车污染排放状况,并为制定具体的柴油汽车污染物排放控制政策奠定基础.     

DGPS RTK技术进行天津港潮位测量的应用分析

针对天津港水深测量的实际情况,对DGPS RTK技术能否应用于天津港潮位测量进行试验分析,为近海海域的潮位观测提供了一种新的方法。     

基于C-NCAP五星碰撞的主体铝制纯电动车正碰车身框架结构设计

论文针对纯电动车与传统燃油车在造型和布置上的差异化特点带来的车身正碰框架中的设计难点和痛点,提出了一套完整、可行且有效的主体铝制量产正碰车身框架结构设计方法,此方法专门针对纯电动布置进行实体建模和正碰工况下的拓补优化设计,制定正碰主体铝材料结构设计方案,以实现吸能效率的提升,保障乘员舱的安全可靠性,同时兼顾轻量化和共线约束。基于CAE和试验验证结果,此设计车身各正碰指标均满足C-NCAP五星碰撞结构要求,比对ODB下的整车乘员伤害得分也满足相关要求,说明其可行有效性,为同类型车型的开发提供参考和指导。     

二甲醚/甲醇混合燃料燃烧数值模拟研究

均质充量压缩着火燃烧(HCCI)技术的提出为内燃机的发展开辟了一种更为节能高效、绿色环保的新模式,着火性能差异较大的两种燃料掺混是实现均质混合压燃着火控制的有效方法。文章利用CHEMKIN化学反应动力学模拟软件对二甲醚(DME)/甲醇混合燃料均质混合压燃燃烧过程进行了数值模拟研究,重点分析了燃料掺混比、过量空气系数、发动机转速以及进气温度对HCCI发动机燃烧特性的影响规律。     

设置卸荷板的扶壁式挡土墙土压力计算

在扶壁式挡土墙中设置卸荷板可有效地优化结构受力条件,减小直接作用于墙面板上的水平土压力,提高挡土高度,但该类构筑物的结构受力模式复杂,尤其是土压力的计算直接关系到结构计算的可靠度。分别利用朗金土压力和库伦土压力的静力平衡假定条件进行计算分析,指出了朗金公式在计算此类工况土压力时的缺陷,确定了库伦公式的适用性,给出了土压力的具体计算步骤,并提出了适用于库伦公式的卸荷板设计构造要求,为超高扶壁式挡土墙设计提供参考。     

高速公路软基处理方案的灰色区间关联决策评价

以经典灰色系统理论为基础,构建了灰色区间关联系数公式和区间关联度公式.针对高速公路软弱不良地基的不确定性,考虑了工程地质条件、工程造价、施工条件、处理效果和可靠性等综合因素,建立了地基处理方案的综合评价决策模型.并以某路段拟采用的4种地基处理方案评价为例,实现了软基处理方案的优化选择,说明了灰色区间关联决策方法结果可靠,具有实用性和有效性.     

战斗机超视距空战建模及仿真设计

针对超视距空战的特点,建立了战斗机超视距空战机动仿真模型,雷达搜索跟踪及导弹发射条件模型。并结合具体实例,得出仿真数据,定量分析了机载雷达视距、空空导弹射程及隐身性能对空战结果的影响。     

永存预应力动力测试方法试验研究

在役桥梁结构永存预应力是反映结构承载能力最为重要的指标之一,对其进行永存预应力的准确预测在桥梁结构性能评定中尤为重要.根据两片矩形梁的室内模型试验得出的测试结果,结合结构动力学理论,对试验数据进行回归分析,建立了梁的有效动刚度与预应力之间的关系式.结果表明:预应力混凝土结构随着预应力的减小,其频率降低,动刚度相应减小,且结构动刚度与预应力之间满足线性关系,因此,以实测结构频率数据换算结构动刚度,通过预应力与动刚度之间的关系预测结构预应力大小是可行的.