关于改进远动系统数据库设计方法的探讨

针对目前远动系统数据库在设计方法上存在的问题进行了分析,认为目前远动系统过于依赖数据库服务器或磁盘阵列,存在不可靠因素.提出将系统运行参数等实时数据与不影响系统正常运行的历史数据相分离的原则,分别建立全分布的实时数据库和历史数据库,新的改进方法从源头上消除了远动系统的不稳定因素.     

A system dynamics approach to land use/transportation system performance modeling Part I: Methodology

This paper presents a system dynamics approach to simultaneous land use/transportation system performance modeling. A model is designed based on the causality functions and feedback loop structure between a large number of physical, socioeconomic, and policy variables. The model consists of 7 sub‐models: population, migration of population, household, job growth‐employment‐land availability, housing development, travel demand, and traffic congestion level. The model is formulated in DYNAMO simulation language, and tested on a data set from Montgomery County, MD. In Part I: Methodology, the overall approach and the structure of the model system is discussed and the causal‐loop diagrams and major equations are presented. In Part II: Application, the model is calibrated and tested with data from Montgomery County, MD. Least square method and overall system behavior are used to estimate the model parameters. The model is fitted with the 1970–80 data and validated with the 1980–1990 data. Robustness and sensitivities with respect to input parameters such as birth rate or regional economy growth are analyzed. The model performance as a policy analysis tool is examined by predicting the year by year impacts of highway capacity expansion on land use and transportation system performance. While this is a first attempt in using dynamic system simulation modeling in simultaneous treatment of land use and transportation system interactions, and model development and application are limited due to data availability, the results indicate that the proposed method is a promising approach in dealing with complex urban land use/transportation modeling.     

英语中女性词语义贬降所影射的性别歧视

从历时语言学角度出发,阐述lady,madam,woman,mother,sister,girl,queen,spinster,mistress,governess,hussy,quean,wench,tart等女性词的语义变化过程, 分析探讨英语中女性词语义贬降所影射出的性别歧视现象.     

空气中粉尘对液压装置危害的试验研究

通过对液压装置的强化磨损试验,分别对无粉尘污染和模拟有粉尘污染条件下的磨损状况进行了详尽地观察和分析对比,从而证实了空气中粉尘污染具有更大危害性,并提出了控制空气中粉尘污染的措施.     

在激烈的公铁竞争中如何提高道路客运竞争力

我省铁路发达,道路客运面临巨大的压力,如何迎接铁路客运的挑战,在激烈的公铁竞争中发挥道路客运的优势,进一步开拓新的客运市场,笔者认为应做好以下几项工作:     

Nonlinear Robust Control of Torque Converter Clutch Slip System for Passenger Vehicles Using Advanced Torque Estimation Algorithms

In this paper, a torque-estimation-based robust controller for passenger car torque converter clutch slip system is presented. The proposed robust controller uses only the measurements available from inexpensive sensors that are installed in current passenger vehicles for torque estimation and feedback control. A conventional full state observer along with a neural-network-based open-loop hydraulic actuator observer is designed to estimate the unknown driving load, and a neural-network-based turbine torque estimator considering the temperature of oil circulating the torque converter is developed for improved turbine torque estimation accuracy. The stability of the internal dynamics is also investigated, and the performance and robustness of the robust controller is validated by simulation studies.     

基于CMAC的摆式列车倾摆控制研究

摆式列车是具有诸多不确定因素的动态系统,其倾摆系统的控制是摆式列车成功的关键,利用传统控制方式很难得到倾摆系统较好的控制品质。本文针对摆式列车的特点提出一种基于CMAC神经网络与PID相结合的倾摆系统并行控制方法。该方法利用传统PID实现反馈控制,保证系统的稳定性,且抑制扰动;利用CMAC神经网络控制器实现前馈控制,确保系统的控制精度和动态响应速度。此外,该并行控制算法相对简单,实时性好,易于在倾摆控制系统中实现。通过对阶跃信号、正弦波信号和方波信号的跟踪仿真,表明该算法克服了传统控制的不足,增强了倾摆系统的控制精度,提高了系统的动态响应速度,并且使系统具有较强的抗干扰性和鲁棒性。     

浇注式沥青混凝土配合比设计及性能研究

为了深入研究浇注式沥青混凝土的特性,通过大量的室内试验,在分析原材料技术性质和混合料设计指标的基础上,详细描述了浇注式沥青混凝土的配合比设计过程,并将其与SMA、AC进行了路用性能方面的对比,结果表明,浇注式沥青混合料的高温稳定性较低,但可以通过适当的方法进行改善,如掺加天然沥青TLA等;其低温性能明显优于SMA和AC,且与钢板的随从性好,证明了浇注式沥青混凝土在钢桥面铺装中的优势。     

Major sources of hydrocarbon emissions in a premixed charge compression ignition engine

Although premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion engines are praised for potentially high efficiency and clean exhaust, experimental engines built to date emit more hydrocarbons (HCs) and carbon monoxide (CO) than the conventional machines. These compounds are not only strictly controlled components of the exhaust gas of road vehicles but are also an energy loss indicator. The prime objective of this study was to investigate the major sources of the HCs formed in the combustion chamber of an experimental PCCI engine in order to suggest some effective technologies for HC reduction. In this study, to explore the dominant sources of HC emissions in both operation modes, a single cylinder engine was prepared such that it could operate using either conventional diesel combustion or PCCI combustion. Specifically, the contributions of the top-ring crevice volume in the combustion chamber and the bulk quenching of the lean mixture were investigated. To understand the influence of the shape and magnitude of the crevice on HC emissions, the engine was operated with 12 specially prepared pistons with different top-ring crevices installed one after another. The engine emitted proportionally more HCs as the depth of the crevice increased as long as the width remained narrower than the prevailing quench distance. The top-ring-crevice-originated exhaust HCs comprised approximately 31% of the total HC emissions in the baseline condition. In a series of tests to estimate the effects of bulk quench on exhaust HC emissions, intake air was heated from 300K to 400K in steps of 25K. With the intake air heated, HC and CO emissions decreased with a gradually diminishing rate to zero at 375K. In conclusion, the most dominant sources of HC emissions in PCCI engines were the crevice volumes in the combustion chamber and the bulk quenching of the lean mixtures. The key methods for reducing HC emissions in PCCI engines are minimizing crevice volume in the combustion chamber and maximizing intake air temperature allowed based on the permissible NOx level.