Optimal design and benefits of a short turning strategy for a bus corridor

We develop a short turning model using demand information from station to station within a single bus line-single period setting, aimed at increasing the service frequency on the more loaded sections to deal with spatial concentration of demand considering both operators’ and users’ costs. We find analytical expressions for optimal values of the design variables, namely frequencies (inside and outside the short cycle), capacity of vehicles and the position of the short turn limit stations. These expressions are used to analyze the influence of different parameters in the final solution. The design variables and the corresponding cost components for operators and users (waiting and in-vehicle times) are compared against an optimized normal operation scheme (single frequency). Applications on actual transit corridors exhibiting different demand profiles are conducted, calculating the optimal values for the design variables and the resulting benefits for each case. Results show the typical demand configurations that are better served using a short turn strategy.     

Uncertain benefits: Application of Bayesian melding to the Alaskan Way Viaduct in Seattle

Uncertainty is inherent in major infrastructure projects, but public decision-making for such projects ignores it. We investigate the uncertainty about the future effects of tearing down the Alaskan Way Viaduct in downtown Seattle, using an integrated model of housing, jobs, land use and transportation, on outcomes including average commute times. Our methodology combines the urban simulation model UrbanSim with the regional transportation model. We assess uncertainty using Bayesian melding, yielding a full predictive distribution of average commute times on 22 different routes in 2020. Of these routes, 14 do not include the viaduct and eight do. For the 14 base routes that do not include the viaduct, the predictive distributions overlap substantially, and so there is no indication that removing the viaduct would increase commute times for these routes. For each of the eight routes that do include the viaduct, the 95% predictive interval for the difference in average travel times between the two scenarios includes zero, so there is not strong statistical support for the conclusion that removing the viaduct would lead to any increase in travel times. However, the median predicted increase is positive for each of these routes, with an average of 6 min, suggesting that there may be some measurable increase in travel time for drivers that use the viaduct as a core component of their commute.     

佛开高速公路软基路堤拓宽沉降控制标准研究

以在建的佛开高速公路拓宽工程为背景,分析在拓宽路基边载的作用下,新老路基的沉降变形规律.在此分析的基础上,根据新老路基路面结构路用性能以及变形稳定的要求,并结合现场观测资料,对软基上高速公路拓宽工程的沉降控制标准进行了研究.研究表明,对于拓宽工程软基应采用“三指标”的控制标准,即:拓宽路基施工期老路容许的横坡度变化率、新老路基工后容许横坡度变化率、拓宽路基的容许工后沉降量.     

发动机缸内高温燃气热电偶温度测试误差研究

根据发动机气缸内高温燃气温度静态和动态的不同情况,对热电偶测头和热电偶套管在静态下的辐射热损失以及动态响应过程进行了推导与计算。结果表明,静态情况下热电偶读数误差增加幅度较小,动态响应过程中热电偶读数误差主要决定于热电偶测头及热电偶套管的辐射热损失,且其辐射热损失又受热电偶测头的滞后时间常数τ0的限制。     

Transport policy for London in 2001 The case for an integrated approach

The paper reports the results of a series of studies conducted to enable the London Planning Advisory Committee to provide advice on strategic transport policy for London. The analytical approach combined the use of an area-based, multi-modal strategic model (LAM) and professional judgment. The performance of LAM as a basis for providing rapid advice on complex issues in transport policy is assessed.The resulting policy advice advocated a coherent approach, involving new infrastructure, particularly for rail; improved management of the road and public transport networks; the use of subsidy to enhance public transport service levels; and road user charges to reduce the impact of private vehicles on congestion and the environment. Road user charges emerged as the pivotal issue in the policy; the paper discusses their role, and the questions which still need to be resolved before they can be implemented.The main message of the study is that no one element of transport policy can tackle London's problems alone; an integrated policy in which infrastructure provision, management and pricing are used to complement one another is shown to be far more effective.     

Adaptive Ride Control In Active Suspension Systems

The paper describes the development of an adaptive control algorithm for active suspension systems based on optimal regulation methods. The objective is to design an algorithm which will automatically tune at start-up to changed vehicle conditions and adaptively re-tune to changes in driving conditions (in particular road generated disturbances). The proposed algorithm is a self-tuning regulator based on generalised minimum variance (GMV) control. Simulation results obtained for a 3 degree-of-freedom (DOF) quarter car suspension demonstrate potential benefits of fully adaptive control in automotive suspensions.     

NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHESIS INHIBITION ENHANCES BUPIVACAINE CARDIOTOXICITY

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Aggregation effects on the network design problem

This article examines the effects of various network extraction schemes on the network design problem. Given an original network, many criteria can be used to identify subnetworks on which the network design problem is solved. For the purposes of this article, these subnetworks are obtained using an extraction algorithm which preserves the magnitude of the user equilibrium flows on the links of these subnetworks. The results of the implementation of the network design problem on the original and the extracted subnetworks are presented and compared. We conclude that very good solutions to the network design problem can be obtained from the use of highly aggregate networks.     

Adaptation of a General Multibody Dynamical Formalism to Dynamic Simulation of Terrestrial Vehicles

The development of general Eulerian dynamic formalisms for the digital simulation of multi-body systems is reviewed. The formalism of Robertson/Wittenburg is generalized to systems whose configuration includes closed loops, thereby adapting it to the dynamic simulation of terrestrial vehicles.