2020年世界城市轨道交通运营统计与分析综述

参考国际上较为通行的分类标准,将城市轨道交通分为地铁、轻轨和有轨电车三大类,对世界城轨交通运营现状进行统计.分析表明:截至2020年底,全球有77个国家和地区的538座城市开通了城市轨道交通系统,总里程超过33 346 km,其中地铁、轻轨、有轨电车各占53％、5％和42％.截至2020年12月31日,我国内地累计有4...     

长江流域航运与水环境协调发展模型

为促进长江流域航运与水环境的协调发展,利用系统分析方法和系统动力学模型,建立了长江流域航运与水环境协调发展模型,对各种宏观调控政策和措施效应进行了仿真模拟分析。模拟结果表明,计算指标模拟值与实际值基本吻合,最大相对误差为12.9%,表明模型能较好地模拟长江流域航运与水环境协调发展系统;航运污染主要来源于船舶事故污染和船员生活污染,占总污染90%以上;人口、水环境、航运及工农业协调增长模式有助于水环境质量的持续改善;船舶事故应急管理水平的提高是航运污染治理的关键。     

填料对SBS改性沥青水稳定性能影响的试验研究

碱渣作为一种难以处理的工业废渣,可以作为填料在SBS改性沥青混合料中使用,其混合料的抗剥落性高于石灰石填料的沥青混合料,4％SBS混合料试件残留马歇尔稳定度比可以达到85％。此外,碱渣试件剩余强度比均大于0．75,优于石灰石,且碱渣作为填料使用,可减少公路投资和降低养护成本,具有重要的经济和环境效益。     

Research on probability distribution of port cargo throughput

In order to more accurately examine developing trends in gross cargo throughput, we have modeled the probability distribution of cargo throughput. Gross cargo throughput is determined by the time spent by cargo ships in the port and the operating efficiency of handling equipment. Gross cargo throughput is the sum of all compound variables determining each aspect of cargo throughput for every cargo ship arriving at the port. Probability distribution was determined using the Wald equation. The results show that the variability of gross cargo throughput primarily depends on the different times required by different cargo ships arriving at the port. This model overcomes the shortcoming of previous models： inability to accurately determine the probability of a specific value of future gross cargo throughput. Our proposed model of cargo throughput depends on the relationship between time required by a cargo ship arriving at the port and the operational capacity of handling equipment at the port. At the same time, key factors affecting gross cargo throughput are analyzed. In order to test the efficiency of the model, the cargo volume of a port in Shandong Province was used as an example. In the case study the actual results matched our theoretical analysis.     

Design optimization of a torpedo shell structure

An optimized methodology to design a more robust torpedo shell is proposed. The method has taken into account reliability requirements and controllable and uncontrollable factors such as geometry, load, material properties, manufacturing processes, installation, etc. as well as human and environmental factors. The result is a more realistic shell design. Our reliability optimization design model was developed based on sensitivity analysis. Details of the design model are given in this paper. An example of a torpedo shell design based on this model is given and demonstrates that the method produces designs that are more effective and reliable than traditional torpedo shell designs. This method can be used for other torpedo system designs.     

An investigation of the performance of an electronic in-line pump system for diesel engines

WIT Electronic Fuel System Co., Ltd. has developed a new fuel injector, the Electronic In-line Pump （EIP） system, designed to meet China＇s diesel engine emission and fuel economy regulations. It can be used on marine diesel engines and commercial vehicle engines through different EIP systems. A numerical model of the EIP system was built in the AMESim environment for the purpose of creating a design tool for engine application and system optimization. The model was used to predict key injection characteristics under different operating conditions, such as injection pressure, injection rate, and injection duration. To validate these predictions, experimental tests were conducted under the conditions that were modeled. The results were quite encouraging and in agreement with model predictions. Additional experiments were conducted to study the injection characteristics of the EIP system. These results show that injection pressure and injection quantity are insensitive to injection timing variations, this is due to the design of the constant velocity cam profile. Finally, injection quantity and pressure vs. pulse width at different cam speeds are presented, an important injection characteristic for EIP system calibration.     

考虑楼板变形时框支剪力墙结构的框支层合理设计研究

将框支剪力墙结构沿竖向划分成为转换层上部剪力墙结构和转换层下部框架-剪力墙结构。对各部分结构假定质量刚度沿高度均匀分布,将楼板看成水平放置的深梁,并假定以剪切变形为主。根据平衡条件,列出微分方程组。采用相应的数学程序求解,得到结构水平侧移及各构件内力。通过对内力和侧移的双重控制,进行框支层的合理设计。     

轻型载货汽车车外噪声分析与控制

用声强扫描法对国产某轻型载货汽车车外噪声源进行了识别,确定了其车外主要噪声源。开发了材料声学特性测量系统,并对多种车用吸声、隔声材料进行了测试与分析。根据被试轻型载货汽车车外主要噪声源的特性合理地选择吸声、隔声材料和噪声控制方案,对其进行了降噪处理。通过对降噪前、后该车车外噪声进行测试分析表明,采取降噪措施后,被试车辆车外动态加速噪声由84dB(A)下降到78dB(A),能够满足国家标准GB1495—2002对该类车辆车外动态加速噪声限值的要求。     

在CAN中植入时间触发机制的研究

主要论述了在普通CAN网络中植入时间触发机制的准TTCAN模型架构。首先明确了其系统结构,包括单个结点的结构以及物理和逻辑结点的划分。其次论述了QTTCAN的传输方法和出错处理机制。最后则是利用现有CAN硬件进行的仿真实验,用以论证QTTCAN的可行性和可靠性。     

清华园隧道大直径泥水盾构始发控制掘进分析

清华园隧道某区间采用泥水盾构穿越粉质黏土及砂卵石地层,是全线典型质构法施工隧道。总结清华园隧道盾构始发的经验,对其掘进参数及反力架等工程构件布置进行研究,并采用有限元软件对反力架进行静强度分析计算。研究表明：(1)盾构机在粉质黏土及砂卵石地层中掘进时,反力架最大应力为270 MPa,最大静挠度为7.77 mm;(2)掘削量大小与泥水密度、黏度和切口水压等数值相关;(3)反力架上的应力分布在钢管支撑处最高,竖梁次之,横梁最小。