激光堆焊工艺在修造领域的应用现状及发展趋势

本文详细阐述了激光堆焊工艺在工业修造领域的应用现状及发展趋势,介绍了激光束的能源、输送和聚焦系统、堆焊材料及激光设备。重点说明了其在修造领域的应用工艺。     

中隔墙(CRD)法斜下穿既有高速公路分离式隧道施工技术

新建贵广铁路四寨二号隧道下穿厦蓉高速公路瑞坡隧道,是在具有不均匀动荷载的浅埋围岩中修建大断面铁路隧道,确保施工过程中隧道上部行车的安全,是施工中的一大难题。对下穿过程中采用中隔墙(CRD)法施工取得成功的经验进行介绍。     

考虑支路路段双向车流相互影响的单向交通组织优化

考虑支路路段双向车流相互影响的因素,从道路负荷与公平性的角度出发,优化单向交通组织方案。建立一主多从的双层规划模型,上层规划是多目标规划,以单行交通组织方案为决策,以路段饱和度超限量最小化降低道路负荷、以车辆绕行系数最小化提高公平性。下层规划是考虑支路路段双向车流相互影响的均衡交通分配(每个点对之间的最短路各自由1个下层规划确定,但所有下层规划确定的最短路可一次性求解)。双层规划可用模拟退火算法求解,求解效果明显优于支路路段通行能力等量划分为双向分道行驶的传统优化方法。     

青山冲双连拱隧道软弱围岩变形与稳定性研究

依托怀新高速青山冲双连拱隧道工程,通过地质勘察、现场监测、有限元分析等方法研究了双连拱隧道在穿越软弱围岩条件下的变形及应力变化特征。借助位移量测、应力应变量测等手段,对连拱隧道施工过程中的各种信息进行反分析,根据分析结果验证模拟、修正设计、指导施工。     

HX_D1C型机车砂箱撑管破损原因分析及改进措施

对HXD1C型机车砂箱撑管进行观察,发现其破损的原因是砂子的冲蚀磨损。分析撑管破损的机理,得出结论:撑管最先破损的位置发生在砂子冲击角度为30°的地方。提出撑管的改进措施,改进后的撑管运用状况良好。     

北京市轨道交通产业化研究

分析北京城市轨道交通产业的特点,阐述其发展的优劣势,从规划设计咨询类、工程建设施工类、装备制造类、运营类及增值服务类等5个方面,分析北京城市轨道交通产业链的构成与发展情况及发展需求,并结合国家对轨道交通的战略性新型产业的定位,提出3点发展建议,为推动北京城市轨道交通产业的健康发展提供参考.     

长昆客专跨武广客专GSM-R改造方案分析

客运专线(以下简称客专)并线或交叉问题一直是GSM-R系统网络优化的重点和难点,通过对长昆客专与武广客专并线交叉点GSM-R改造方案分析,阐述基站附带直放站在交叉区段的改造方案,供类似工程建设参考。     

Use and perceptions of a real time passenger information system

The use of high-technology systems in the transport sector has increased steadily over recent years. This paper outlines the development of vehicle monitoring and control systems and their use in the public transport arena. The paper shows how one such system, that operated by Datatrak Ltd., has been adapted to provide a real time passenger information system for the RiverBus Partnership in London.

1 The RiverBus service described in this article ceased operation in August 1993. The collapse of the RiverBus Partnership followed the financial difficulties surrounding Olympia and York, developers of Canary Wharf in London Docklands.

Passenger use and perception of the system is evaluated, based on surveys of RiverBus users. This provides an evaluation of the system, and highlights the importance of introducing such systems based on user information needs and as part of the total marketing package.     

A simple formulation for predicting the ultimate strength of ships

The aim of this study is to derive a simple analytical formula for predicting the ultimate collapse strength of a single- and double-hull ship under a vertical bending moment, and also to characterize the accuracy and applicability for earlier approximate formulations. It is known that a ship hull will reach the overall collapse state if both collapse of the compression flange and yielding of the tension flange occur. Side shells in the vicinity of the compression and the tension flanges will often fail also, but the material around the final neutral axis will remain in the elastic state. Based on this observation, a credible distribution of longitudinal stresses around the hull section at the overall collapse state is assumed, and an explicit analytical equation for calculating the hull ultimate strength is obtained. A comparison between the derived formula and existing expressions is made for largescale box girder models, a one-third-scale frigate hull model, and full-scale ship hulls.List of symbols A _B total sectional area of outer bottom - A _B total sectional area of inner bottom - A _D total sectional area of deck - A _S half-sectional area of all sides (including longitudinal bulkheads and inner sides) - a _s sectional area of a longitudinal stiffener with effective plating - b breadth of plate between longitudinal stiffeners - D hull depth - D _B height of double bottom - E Young's modulus - g neutral axis position above the base line in the sagging condition or below the deck in the hogging condition - H depth of hull section in linear elastic state - I _s moment of inertia of a longitudinal stiffener with effective plating - l length of a longitudinal stiffener between transverse beams - M _E elastic bending moment - M _p fully plastic bending moment of hull section - M _u ultimate bending moment capacity of hull section - M _uh ,M _us ultimate bending moment in hogging or sagging conditions - r radius of gyration of a longitudinal stiffener with effective plating [=(I _s /a _s )^1/2] - t plate thickness - Z elastic section modulus at the compression flange - Z _B ,Z _D elastic section modulus at bottom or deck - slenderness ratio of plate between stiffeners [= (b/t)(_y/E)^1/2] - slenderness ratio of a longitudinal stiffener with effective plating [=(l/r)(_y/E)^1/2] - _y yield strength of the material - _yB , _yB , _yD yield strength of outer bottom, inner bottom - _yS deck, or side - _u ultimate buckling strength of the compression flange - _uB , _uB , _uD ultimate buckling strength of outer bottom - _uS inner bottom, deck, or side     

Surf-riding and oscillations of a ship in quartering waves

The behavior of a ship encountering large regular waves from astern at low frequency is the object of investigation, with a parallel study of surf-riding and periodic motion paterns. First, the theoretical analysis of surf-riding is extended from purely following to quartering seas. Steady-state continuation is used to identify all possible surf-riding states for one wavelength. Examination of stability indicates the existence of stable and unstable states and predicts a new type of oscillatory surf-riding. Global analysis is also applied to determine the areas of state space which lead to surf-riding for a given ship and wave conditions. In the case of overtaking waves, the large rudder-yaw-surge oscillations of the vessel are examined, showing the mechanism and conditions responsible for loss of controllability at certain vessel headings.List of symbols c wave celerity (m/s) - C(p) roll damping moment (Ntm) - g acceleration of gravity (m/s²) - GM metacentric height (m) - H wave height (m) - I _x ,I _z roll and yaw ship moments of inertia (kg m²) - k wave number (m^–1) - K _H ,K _W ,K _R hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller - K _p forces in the roll direction (Ntm) - m ship mass (kg) - n propeller rate of rotation (rpm) - N _H ,N _W ,N _R hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller - N _P moments in the yaw direction (Ntm) - p roll angular velocity (rad/s) - r rate-of-turn (rad/s) - R(,x) restoring moment (Ntm) - Res(u) ship resistance (Nt) - t time (s) - u surge velocity (m/s) - U vessel speed (m/s) - v sway velocity (m/s) - W ship weight (Nt) - x longitudinal position of the ship measured from the wave system (m) - x _G ,z _G longitudinal and vertical center of gravity (m) - x _S longitudinal position of a ship section (S), in the ship-fixed system (m) - X _H ,X _W ,X _R hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller - X _P forces in the surge direction (Nt) - y transverse position of the ship, measured from the wave system (m) - Y _H ,Y _W ,Y _R hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller - Y _p forces in the sway direction (Nt) - z _Y vertical position of the point of action of the lateral reaction force during turn (m) - z _W vertical position of the point of action of the lateral wave force (m) Greek symbols angle of drift (rad) - rudder angle (rad) - wavelength (m) - position of the ship in the earth-fixed system (m) - water density (kg/m³) - angle of heel (rad) - heading angle (rad) - _e frequency of encounter (rad/s) Hydrodynamic coefficients K roll added mass - N _v ,N _r yaw acceleration coefficients - N _v N _r N _rr N _rrv ,N _vvr yaw velocity coefficients K. Spyrou: Ship behavior in quartering waves - X _u surge acceleration coefficient - X _u X _vr surge velocity coefficients - Y _v ,Y _r sway acceleration coefficients - Y _v ,Y _r ,Y _vv ,Y _rr ,Y _vr sway velocity coefficients European Union-nominated Fellow of the Science and Technology Agency of Japan, Visiting Researcher, National Research Institute of Fisheries Engineering of Japan