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251.
针对深潜救生艇姿态控制系统中存在不确定扰动、模型参数摄动和建模误差等问题,设计了基于参数自适应的PID控制器,增强了控制器的鲁棒性,提高了控制精度,解决了深潜救生艇姿态控制的难题。该控制器以PID控制器为基础,参考滑膜理论,设计了补偿单元,对不确定项进行有效抑制。其中PID控制器的控制参数变化率及补偿单元的自适应估计均通过李雅普诺夫稳定性理论推导得出。仿真和水池试验证明了该控制器的有效性、鲁棒性,且控制器表现良好。 相似文献
252.
Dongzi Zhu Hampden D. Kuhns John A. Gillies Vicken Etyemezian Scott Brown Alan W. Gertler 《Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment》2012,17(4):332-340
The effectiveness of control measures to reduce road dust emissions is analyzed using a year’s data of road dust emissions collected with a mobile sampling platform and a survey of road maintenance practices in the Lake Tahoe Basin of Nevada and California US. Attributes such as sweeping practices, anti-icing, shoulder improvement, pavement condition, trackout, and abrasive material from road segments were analyzed with a feature subset selection algorithm. Street sweeping was found to be an effective means of controlling dust emissions from roads. Road dust from dirty tertiary roads served as a continuous source of suspendable material for adjacent high-speed roads in the winter time. To be most effective, emission control strategies require that not only primary roads, but all roads be swept after snow storms to recover applied abrasive material. 相似文献
253.
Transportation - Mobility as a service (MaaS) promises a bold new future where bundled public transport and shared mobility options (carsharing, ridesharing, bikesharing and microtransit) will... 相似文献
254.
针对现有船舶运输砂石体积计算主要依赖人工方式称重和纸质运单流转、精度不高且效率很低的难题,采用基于八叉树的点云精简和聚类分析进行复杂环境下船舶点云的自动识别和提取;采用基于改进SK-4PCS (semantic-keypoint-based 4-points congruent sets)的粗配准和基于Point-to-Plane ICP (iterative closest point)的精配准进行空载和满载两期点云由粗到精的高效配准,设计实现了一种利用LiDAR (light detection and ranging)点云数据进行船载砂石自动测算的系统. 采集了江西南昌赣江运砂船数据进行实验验证,从扫描到出结果一艘船的砂石体积自动测算时间少于2 min,同船多次测算结果最大相对误差小于1.00%,砂石体积与实际真值相比的最大误差小于2.00%,满足实际业务需求. 相似文献
255.
从交通研究者和实践者的角度出发,以可持续交通这一概念为中心展开讨论。可持续交通宽泛地反映了可持续发展在交通领域的原则。随着可持续性这一概念的外延逐渐扩大,在它的定义、应用和价值取向上出现了不同观点。着重讨论可持续交通,以及如何理解和运用可持续交通,包括:1)将可持续性或者可持续发展作为一个整体的概念,包括关于可持续性的不同方法和定义之间的冲突;2)对可持续交通以及交通领域对其理解的探索;3)使用指标来实现可持续性的应用。然后识别了通往可持续交通之路的若干挑战,包括缺乏清晰定义、可持续性的固有冲突、可持续发展的跨领域本质、各种工作框架和指标体系、可持续发展的政治因素和交通领域实践中的不同观点。基于在该课题上的研究积累,总结解决这些问题的工作框架,提出因地制宜、注重结果、整体的方法来解决可持续交通中的挑战。 相似文献
256.
J.A. Calvo C. Álvarez-Caldas J.L. San Román P. Cobo 《Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment》2012,17(7):509-513
In this work, a sample of vehicles has been instrumented to measure of variables that influence vehicle noise emissions in Madrid. A circuit reproducing a normal travel pattern in large city is traveled by a fleet of vehicle models representing the fleets of cars in a European city. A sample of drivers covers the test track under different traffic conditions. Driving parameters and noise emitted have been recorded in each test and average values have been extracted. These data have been analyzed to define the noise emissions produced by a vehicle in real driving conditions and to identify the noisiest driving behaviors. 相似文献
257.
W. Bowman Cutter Sofia F. Franco 《Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice》2012,46(6):901-925
Minimum parking requirements (MPRs) are the norm for urban and suburban development in the United States (Davidson et al., 2002). The justification for MPRs is that overflow parking will occupy nearby street or off-street parking. Shoup (1999a) and Willson (1995) provide cases where there is reason to believe that parking space requirements have forced parcel developers to place more parking than they would in the absence of parking requirements. However, to our knowledge the existing literature does not test the effect of parking minimums on the amount of lot space devoted to parking beyond a few case studies. This paper tests the hypothesis that MPRs bind for most land uses using data on suburban office, commercial, industrial and retail property sales from Los Angeles County using both direct and indirect approaches. Our indirect test of the effects of parking requirements is similar to the one used by Glaeser and Gyourko (2003). A simple theoretical model shows that the marginal value of additional parking to the sale price of a building should be equal to the cost of land plus the cost of parking construction. We estimate the marginal values of parking and lot area with spatial methods using a large data set from the Los Angeles area non-residential property sales and find that for most of the property types the marginal value of parking is significantly below that of the parcel area. In addition, we directly examine required and supplied parking and find that on average parking supplied is quite close to the required amount. 相似文献
258.
Niclas A. Krüger 《Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice》2012,46(8):1359-1371
This paper is concerned with the implications of public–private partnership agreements for the execution of expansion options in road infrastructure. More specifically, it analyzes the expansion of an existing two-lane road in Sweden, and examines the real options created by an intermediate type of road with three lanes. Interpreting the results from real option analysis in the light of incomplete contract theory, this paper finds that external congestion costs might necessitate public ownership to ensure a social optimal outcome in public–private partnerships. 相似文献
259.
本章分析了船舶冬季航行存在的风险,介绍了船舶冬季航行应采取的措施和操船方法以及人员防寒防冻措施,供同行们借鉴。 相似文献
260.