The marine electronic highway in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore—an assessment of costs and key benefits

The Straits of Malacca and Singapore are an important trade route linking the Indian Ocean to the South China Sea and Pacific Ocean. They are also rich in resources and support a range of activities that benefit the economies of the littoral states (Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore). This important shipping route is a very congested waterway and the authorities are keen to improve navigation facilities to promote ship safety and reduce the risk of groundings, collisions and accidents. This will also help to protect the marine environment from the effects of pollution and hence reduce its damaging impact on activities related to the Straits, e.g. fisheries and tourism. The Marine Electronic Highway (MEH) is an attempt to bring together maritime safety technologies and environmental management systems. The paper examines the costs of providing such a highway and considers some of the benefits which could accrue from its implementation. The analysis, conducted in the form of a cost-benefit study, clearly shows the economic viability of the scheme.     

A high order linear model for the prediction of internal lee waves at the main sill of the Strait of Gibraltar

A linear theory for the physical fields in the water column under the action of large amplitude internal lee waves at the main sill of the Strait of Gibraltar is developed. The procedure is a combination of the perturbation and normal modes methods in order to study steady resonant conditions. The lowest order linear approach of the methodology resumes the Taylor–Goldstein equation, which can reconstruct the main features of the observed fields but the high order approach gives the finest structure and sometimes the largest contributions. The role of the non-linear terms is investigated up to the second order taking into account the non-linear interactions between modes, leading to an effective reconstruction of the whole water column for the velocity field.     

应重视军民通用型舰船开发及应用技术研究

从和平时期军用舰船的有效利用和战时舰船的大量消耗，以及如何降低舰船的建造费用、如何减少舰船现代化改装时的难度和费用及民用船只的征用等多方面论述了开展“军民通用型舰船开发及应用技术研究”的重要意义，并针对军民通用型舰船研究提出了建议和看法。     

Estimation of origin‐destination matrices for a multimodal public transit network

This paper presents a procedure for the estimation of origin‐destination (O‐D) matrices for a multimodal public transit network. The system consists of a number of favored public transit modes that are obtained from a modal split process in a traditional four‐step transportation model. The demand of each favored mode is assigned to the multimodal network, which is comprised of a set of connected links of different public transit modes. An entropy maximization procedure is proposed to simultaneously estimate the O‐D demand matrices of all favored modes, which are consistent with target data sets such as the boarding counts and line segment flows that are observed directly in the network. A case study of the Hong Kong multimodal transit network is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.     

第三只眼看中国航母计划

本文原载美国詹姆斯敦基金会刊物《中国简讯》2005年第4期。原作者You Ji博士系詹姆斯敦基金会高级研究人员，担任《中国简讯》（China Brief）的编辑，长期关注中国国防发展以及台湾海峡局势等方面的课题。本刊发表此文并不表示赞同其观点或证实其引用材料，仅供读者参考。按照大多数专家的看法，中国如今已经放弃了建造航母的计划。但实际上只能说中国暂时搁置起了航母计划，并没有真正取消。由于众多政治和经济因素的影响，中国航母建造计划被推迟，但中国海军打算拥有航母的念头并没有就此彻底放弃。换句话说，中国人民解放军领导层以及国内感兴趣的军事爱好者们仍在继续讨论中国到底应不应该拥有航空母舰。作为中国尚未实现的一个宏大目标，包括中国人民解放军内部人员都对拥有航母充满了期待。本文从下面几个方面对中国的航母计划进行讨论，分析该计划在中国到底占有什么样的地位以及为什么中国现阶段不需要将航母计划付诸实施。     

A traffic flow simulator for short‐term travel time forecasting

This paper presents an off‐line forecasting system for short‐term travel time forecasting. These forecasts are based on the historical traffic count data provided by detectors installed on Annual Traffic Census (ATC) stations in Hong Kong. A traffic flow simulator (TFS) is developed for short‐term travel time forecasting (in terms of offline forecasting), in which the variation of perceived travel time error and the fluctuations of origin‐destination (O‐D) demand are considered explicitly. On the basis of prior O‐D demand and partial updated detector data, the TFS can estimate the link travel times and flows for the whole network together with their variances and covariances. The short‐term travel time forecasting by O‐D pair can also be assessed and the O‐D matrix can be updated simultaneously. The application of the proposed off‐line forecasting system is illustrated by a numerical example in Hong Kong.     

Exact Equations for Tractrix Curves Associated with Vehicle Offtracking

Vehicle offtracking behavior at low speeds is closely approximated by a geometric entity called a tractrix. This paper presents differential equations for generalized coordinates of a planar multibody vehicle model based on tractrix behavior. The equations are exact, can be used with any type of input path, are valid for forward and backward movements, and are much simpler than previously published formulations used to compute transient offtracking. The differential equations can be integrated using conventional numerical integration algorithms to obtain plots of the low-speed tracking performance of articulated vehicles. The equations were formulated symbolically by a computer program used to analyze the kinematic and dynamic behavior of multibody systems. Example numerical results are plotted.     

阿尔斯通开发的PRIMA 3U15型电力机车

阿尔斯通公司运输部开发了PRIMATM机车系列,其类型满足了运营部门提出的模块化和系列化要求.投放欧洲市场的PRIMA型电力机车既满足了通用性要求,又有助于与公路的经济竞争取得成效.为此,阿尔斯通公司继法国双流制机车后又开发了一种三流制机车,该型机车可用于法国、德国和瑞士之间的跨境运输.文章介绍PRIMATM系列的开发过程以及得到法国国家铁路的订单.详细叙述了PRIMA 3U15型三流制机车,重点是PRIMA电力机车的维修、可靠性和可用性.     

测定球面多点坐标计算球面参数的方法

无协作目标电子全站仪无需安置棱镜和反射片作为反射目标而能测定待定点的空间位置。采用无协作目标电子全站仪这一特性,可以方便地测定球面上多于4个点的三维坐标。以球心坐标和半径为未知数列出误差方程式,平差计算球心坐标和半径,并评定球心点位精度,实例证明该方法是可行和可靠的。