Mass transit systems of Beijing: governance evolution and analysis

Developing a more efficient mass transit system, in highly populated cities, improves the mobility, decreases the dependency of private cars, alleviates traffic congestion, and provides a more environmentally friendly means of travel. Recently, the city of Beijing decided to have a target of becoming as a ‘public-transport city’ with a fascinating mass transit system within a larger plan, of building humanistic, scientific and technological, and green public-transport systems. This work discusses the governance evolution of the mass transit system of Beijing between 1949–2008, comprised of two groups of transit systems, the road surface public-transport system (bus, tram, trolley, etc.), and the subway public-transport system. In addition, a time-series analysis is introduced in an attempt to examine the effect of governance evolution on the two transit systems, and of the impacts of the governance structural changes on the mass transit system. The time-series model is introduced using the annual statistics data of the period 1949–2008. The outcome of the analysis is viewed with precaution because of the incompleteness of the many endogenous and exogenous factors to affect the public-transport demand. Generally speaking it is concluded that the governance evolution provides beneficial effect of the Beijing mass transit activity; however, for satisfying the significant increase of the Beijing city’s travel demand and maintaining sustainable development, the governance-involvement pattern needs to be reformed.     

大跨径铁路车站隧道施工力学特性研究

依托大(理)丽(江)铁路三线大跨车站隧道工程,对隧道(出口端跨度大于20 m)洞口段(48 m)进行了施工过程的三维有限元数值分析.通过对隧道围岩应力与塑性区分布状态的分析得出:大跨隧道核心土底部和边墙两侧出现了应力集中区域,拱顶部位易出现拉应力;临时横撑滞后4个循环(即8 m)可发挥作用,能够有效控制围岩应力分布形态和塑性区的发展;大跨隧道核心土塑性区完全贯通,最大塑性区出现于隧道两侧边墙中部.根据数值分析结果,在隧道应力集中区域进行注浆加固和合理的分部开挖,并从现场监控量测结果反馈出隧道围岩压力及钢拱架内力变化较小,说明隧道加固措施能够有效控制甥性区范围和减弱围岩应力集中现象.     

大伙房输水工程特长隧洞TBM选型及施工关键技术研究

大伙房输水工程隧洞长85.32 km,开挖洞径8.03 m,属于深埋特长隧洞.隧洞施工采用以TBM为主、钻爆法为辅的联合施工方式.隧洞穿越区域水文地质条件复杂,开挖中面临的主要工程地质问题有围岩稳定性、隧洞涌水、石英砂岩的掘进效率及岩爆等三大关键技术难题.文章通过对大量文献资料和工程实例的研究,概述了TBM近一个世纪的发展及其在隧道建设中的应用现状和主要问题.通过对大伙房特长隧洞所穿越区域的地质条件以及主要工程地质问题进行分析,并结合国内外已有的TBM施工经验,以及对特长隧洞TBM选型进行分析,决定选用锚喷支护+模筑混凝土复合衬砌结构支护系统代替管片衬砌结构,采用连续皮带机高速度出碴、TBM掘进独头长距离施工通风以及TBM洞内组装和检修等技术,对大伙房输水工程特长隧洞高速度、高标准、高质量的建成发挥了重要的保证作用,也可为今后类似工程提供参考和借鉴.     

青藏铁路钢轨铝热焊应用研讨

青藏铁路线路无缝化采用了铝热焊技术,但普通铝热焊在高原地区使用易产生焊接缺陷。针对高原地区特点,通过对铝热焊剂及焊接工艺进行优化,满足了青藏铁路的使用要求。     

EPB释放时间偏长问题研究

EPB是实现车辆自动驻车、释放等功能的部件.其作用是防止车辆在平路或者坡道上溜车.相对普通手驻车制动更加智能、高效.左右EPB卡钳电机分别执行驻车、释放等功能,其结构复杂,同时驻车、释放等功能由软件控制,其涉及驻车释放的一致性等问题.本文以某车型投放市场初期产生的释放时间偏长问题,通过对软件和结构硬件进行了深入研究,分...     

Online fault diagnosis of modern process industry system based on color-spectrum

This paper proposes a new method to diagnose the system fault of the process industry based on the monitor data set of distributed control system (DCS). Firstly, it defines a homeomorphism product space named color phase space which is a Cartesian product of two-dimensional Euclidean space and three-dimensional color phase space. Secondly, it maps the DCS data to the color phase space in order to get a system color-spectrum which displays the inherent relationship of the whole system. Then, it diagnoses the system fault by observing the color change on the color-spectrum depending on the physiological characteristics that human’s eyes are more sensitive for the color change than data change.     

津滨快速轨道交通土建工程项目风险管理

结合津滨快速轨道交通的土建工程建设,采用半定性半定量的方法对轨道交通土建工程中的风险进行了辨识、评价,并提出相应的控制措施。分析认为:在一定条件下各个工程环节均可能出现风险事故,但各个环节对应风险的程度不同;应重点考虑风险等级高的各环节,采取相应的风险对策。其方法及结论可为同类工程建设的风险管理提供参考。     

南京地铁1号线一期工程西延线工程深基坑施工分析

以南京地铁1号线西延线工程的深基坑施工为背景,对咬合桩、SMW、土钉墙等多种基坑围护结构方式的实施进行分析、总结,认为该工程规模大,地下水位高,地质条件差,且在近4km长的建筑区域内,水文地质情况相近,各种结构形式有可比性.     

浅谈船舶CAD技术从二维向三维模式转变

分析船舶CAD技术,看到现有AutoCAD设计软件的二维功能作为制图工具的局限性,提出发展三维CAD技术的必要性。     

地铁车站内多径效应对移动通信的影响

分析了在地铁车站环境内的移动通信系统信号的场强分布及由反射波引出的多径效应,通过理论计算给出了场强分布曲线,这对地铁车站内移动通信的天线布置和设计提供了理论依据。