A frequency-based maritime container assignment model

This paper transfers the classic frequency-based transit assignment method of Spiess and Florian to containers demonstrating its promise as the basis for a global maritime container assignment model. In this model, containers are carried by shipping lines operating strings (or port rotations) with given service frequencies. An origin–destination matrix of full containers is assigned to these strings to minimize sailing time plus container dwell time at the origin port and any intermediate transhipment ports. This necessitated two significant model extensions. The first involves the repositioning of empty containers so that a net outflow of full containers from any port is balanced by a net inflow of empty containers, and vice versa. As with full containers, empty containers are repositioned to minimize the sum of sailing and dwell time, with a facility to discount the dwell time of empty containers in recognition of the absence of inventory. The second involves the inclusion of an upper limit to the maximum number of container moves per unit time at any port. The dual variable for this constraint provides a shadow price, or surcharge, for loading or unloading a container at a congested port. Insight into the interpretation of the dual variables is given by proposition and proof. Model behaviour is illustrated by a simple numerical example. The paper concludes by considering the next steps toward realising a container assignment model that can, amongst other things, support the assessment of supply chain vulnerability to maritime disruptions.     

西山特长隧道斜井进入正洞交叉口施工技术

太古高速公路西山特长隧道全长13.654 km,是国内目前在建最长的公路隧道。在斜井进入正洞交叉口的施工中,成功采用台阶法矩形断面垂直挑顶直接转入正洞施工方案,通过优化调整设计参数,采取加强支护、减震爆破等技术措施,实现了斜井安全、简便、快速地转入正洞的施工。     

Modeling the interactions between car and bicycle in heterogeneous traffic

In this paper, a new cellular automata model is proposed to simulate the car and bicycle heterogeneous traffic on urban road. To capture the complex interactions between these two types of vehicles, a novel occupancy rule is adopted in the proposed model to consider the variable lateral distances of mixed vehicular traffic. Based on massive simulations, microscopic fundamental diagrams under different bicycle densities are devised. With these, the bicycle's spilling behavior is then investigated and discussed. In order to reflect the interference of a bicycle on a car, the interference transformation from friction state to block state is modeled explicitly. Finally, different simulation results under different occupancy rules indicate that the constant and fixed occupancy rule adopted in the previous studies might lead to overestimation of car flux in the heterogeneous traffic flows with different bicycle densities. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高含水集输管道内腐蚀预测与检测技术及应用

高含水油气管道内腐蚀穿孔频发,严重影响生产和环境。因此,油气管道内腐蚀的预测与检测是亟待解决的问题。常规检测耗资大,且效果差,结合美国腐蚀工程师协会内腐蚀直接评价标准和流体数值仿真技术(CFD)预测管道内腐蚀模型并与现场管道高程数据相结合,实现对高含水油气管线积水与易发内腐蚀位置的预测,针对该位置开展管体腐蚀检测,该方法在现场得到成功应用。通过现场检测数据来验证和修正预测模型,为解决高含水油气管道内腐蚀提供一种方法。     

差异沉降对箱涵结构物内力的影响分析

软土地基高速公路工后沉降普遍偏大,结构物与相邻软土地基差异沉降造成路面呈波浪起伏,严重影响交通安全。分别考虑软土地基在CFG桩、袋装砂井、粉喷桩的地基处理方式,分析差异沉对结构物内力分布的影响程度,可为设计计算提供参考。     

山谷地带浅埋大跨隧道地表竹管注浆地层预加固方法

以京珠复线长沙至湘潭高速公路邓家湾隧道为依托,针对该隧道左线进口端位居山谷地带、开挖断面大、覆盖层薄、围岩破碎等特点,提出在洞身开挖范围内采用地表竹管注浆,而在边坡外侧采用倾斜地表钢管注浆预加固方案。暗挖实施效果表明：通过地表注浆预加固,改善了围岩的物理力学性能,缩小了开挖变形产生的松弛区范围,加快了施工进度,确保了施工安全,取得了较好的经济和社会效益。     

Optimization of HEV Control Strategy with a Hybrid Genetic Algorithm

结合遗传算法的群体进化和模拟退火算法可避免迂回搜索的特点,在多目标遗传优化方法的基础上,引入混合优化算法,对HEV能量管理控制参数进行了优化.结果表明,所提出的混合优化算法在解决HEV控制策略多目标优化问题中,避免了传统遗传优化早熟收敛和无方向性等缺点,提高了收敛速度和计算效率.     

扶壁式挡土墙墙背土压力分布规律试验研究

以某车站内扶壁式挡土墙为研究对象,在填方路段进行墙背土压力的试验研究。此试验是在挡土墙的扶肋和肋间填土上按照一定的间距安装静土压力盒,进行土压力数据的测试,结果表明:假想墙背的土压力分布表现为明显的非线性,最大值发生在墙体中间位置,合力作用点比库伦理论提出的位置更高。     

轿车车顶结构的综合性能分析与评价

运用有限元数值模拟法研究了轿车车顶结构的模态特性、抗凹性能、覆雪强度、抗压强度等结构性能。系统评价了轿车车顶结构的静态、动态性能,包括载荷、边界条件的设置等,并给出了相应的评价准则及适用范围。将各个工况下的评价体系进行整合,得到合理的综合评价体系,为整车设计或车顶结构的相关产品研发提供了参考。     

ECE R29-02和ECE R29-03法规对商用车驾驶室结构要求的对比分析

对比分析了欧洲商用车被动安全现行法规ECE R29-02及其修订案ECE R29-03的异同,将已进行实车试验并满足ECE R29-02法规要求的某重型商用车驾驶室作为研究对象,通过仿真计算得到了该商用车在ECER29-03中的性能表现.定性提出了ECE R29-03对结构的考核重点和加强纵梁及A柱强度,并适当增加前端结构吸能能力等满足新版法规要求的一系列结构改进措施.