On Safety in Dismantling Temporary Strut of Super-large Tunnels with Double-layer Primary Support北大核心CSCD

More and more multiple-track tunnels and super-large section tunnels have been built, and disman- tling of temporary strut is a weak point of the whole structure during force transfer when the secondary lining is con- structed. It is significant to guarantee structure safety during dismantling of temporary strut. Little systematic re- search on safety in dismantling of temporary strut of the super-large section tunnel with double-layer primary support has been conducted, so the internal force and security of the two-layer primary support of the Xinkaotang tunnel were analyzed by a numerical analysis and site measurement, and it proves the effect of two-layer primary support on the safety during strut dismantling. The research results indicate that: (1) with constant support thickness and one-time longitudinal dismantling length, the safety factor of secondary primary support is larger than that of the first primary support, and the safety factor of the first primary support is larger than that of the single-layer primary support. Change range of safety factor for the first primary support is smaller than that of the single-layer primary support, and the safe factor for the single-layer primary support is smaller than that of the secondary primary support; (2) with the same support pattern, the safety factors increase firstly and then decrease with an increase of the onetime dismantling length. The calculated results of various cases show that the reasonable one-time dismantling length for this project is about 9 m. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Effect of Explosion in a Gas Pipeline Compartment of a Utility Tunnel on Neighboring Metro Tunnels北大核心CSCD

In this paper the numerical simulation analysis of the effect of explosion in the gas pipeline compartment of a utility tunnel on neighboring metro tunnels was conducted using the software AUTODYN. The results show that the TNT equivalent in a fireproof partition with length of 200 m is 41.6 kg when the gas concentration in the gas pipeline compartment reaches 10%; the blast wave has much effect on the crown and arch waist of the round metro tunnel and it’s necessary to take some protective measures in both areas; when the surrounding soil is sand, the utili- ty tunnel is above the round metro tunnel and their alignments are in the same direction, the greater the vertical spacing between the utility tunnel and the metro tunnel, the smaller the effect of the blast wave on the metro tunnel; when the vertical spacing is 7.2 m, the maximum dynamic tensile stress is 1.86 MPa (including the static stress value of 1 MPa in the tunnel segment) and it is slightly smaller than the designed tensile strength of metro tunnel (about 1.89 MPa). The maximum vibration velocity and the maximum displacement meet the structural stability require- ments, so it is suggested the vertical spacing between the utility tunnel and metro tunnel shall not be less than 7.2 m. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Model Test on Grouting Law in Dynamic Water-Rich Sand Layers by the Electric Resistance Method北大核心CSCD

In order to study the diffusion law of grouting slurry in the water-rich sand layer under flowing water conditions, a grouting test model consisting of a main test system, a grouting system, and a measurement system was developed. And for detecting the diffusion scope of the grouts, a new resistivity method was proposed. It is found that the relationship between grouting pressure and grouting rate during the test is strong. Under hydrodynamic conditions, the grouting slurry diffuses elliptically. Due to gravity and the effect of the upper water flow, the center of gravity of the ellipsoid is below the grouting outlet, and the grouting effectively improves the physical and mechanical properties of water-rich sand bodies. At the same time, the resistivity method has a good application effect on the detection of grouting diffusion range. The range of slurry diffusion obtained by the resistivity method is basically consistent with the boundary of the stone body after excavation, indicating that the resistivity method is reliable for detection of grouting range in dynamic water-rich sand layer. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

A Study of Prevention Techniques for Tunnel Lining Defects北大核心CSCD

Defects of tunnel lining, such as inadequate thickness, voids, cracks, rock falling and water leakage etc., endanger the safety of railway tunnel operation. Based on the site construction, an analysis of the reasons for lining defects was conducted; technical measures against lining defects were proposed and tests were carried out at site. The results show that these measures are reliable and effective, and the purposes of prevention and treatment are re⁃ alized. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

建筑垃圾再生材料压缩性质分析

建筑垃圾再生材料应用于高速公路路堤中对应推广废旧材料和合理化应用具有重要意义。高速公路路堤主要承受竖向荷载,路堤材料的竖向变形性质直接影响高速公路质量。本文基于室内大型固结仪对建筑垃圾再生材料开展了压缩试验,对比分析了建筑垃圾再生材料和纯砖材料的孔隙比与荷载、压缩系数与荷载、孔隙比与压实度、压缩系数与压实度关系。试验结果表明:建筑垃圾再生材料的变形发生在荷载施加的瞬间,在各级荷载下累计变形曲线呈"台阶"状增长,压实度对压缩参数影响较大,压实度从90%到96%过渡时建筑垃圾再生料由中等压缩性变化为低压缩性,相比纯砖填料配比建筑垃圾填料具有较好的压缩性能,可应用于高速公路填方中。     

船舶新型平衡变压器的设计与仿真

船舶电力系统带单相负载运行时引起三相不平衡问题,目前采用的基于平均分配负荷法的供电方式并不能有效解决这个问题。提出了适用于船舶电力系统的平衡变压器的设计基本要求,设计了一种适用于船舶三相三线绝缘电力系统的新型结构平衡变压器,该变压器具有结构简单、材料利用率较高、不需要阻抗匹配、生产制造容易等特点,深入研究平衡变压器的基本原理、运行特性和有限元仿真,结果表明该平衡变压器能够消除零序电流,有效降低负序电流,可以为船舶电力系统解决单相负载运行引起的三相不平衡问题提供了理论支撑和技术支持,具有重要的工程意义和军事应用价值。     

基于声信号分形特征的柴油机故障在线诊断系统研究

分析了柴油机声信号的分形特征,将标度曲线的无标度区域局部斜率作为特征关联维数,用来判别柴油机的工作状态。利用Lab VIEW平台开发了在线故障诊断系统,给出了关联维数的计算流程,并以东风4135四缸直喷式柴油机作为对象进行试验,分析了四种工况下柴油机声信号的局部斜率特征,建立了关联维数特征库。     

Li-O_2(Air)电池研究进展

随着社会的发展,人们越来越需要绿色节能的储能电源。高比能量的Li-O2(Air)电池逐渐受到人们的关注。本文从Li-O2(Air)电池体系和电池阴极两方面入手,对近年来在电解液、炭载体、催化剂方面取得的突破性进展进行介绍,并对研究方面存在的科学问题进行了介绍,指出了该电池发展过程中需要解决的关键科学问题。     

Bicycle mode share in China: a city-level analysis of long term trends

In the past 15 years, cities in China have experienced big changes in socioeconomic and traffic conditions, resulting in a long term change in bicycle use. This study aims to quantify the changes in bicycle mode share in Chinese cities and explore the potential causes. Based on data from 51 cities, it is found that bicycle mode share at the city level decreased gradually in the past. Conventional bicycle mode share decreased with a rate of 3 % per year, but electric bicycle mode share increased with a rate of 2 % per year. The correlations between city features such as demographics and built environments and bicycle mode share at different city sizes are compared. The generalized linear models are estimated to relate the changes in the share of different trip modes to various city-level factors. The results show that the bicycle mode share in a city is impacted by factors including city area size, population density, number of cars, percentage of local road mileage among all roads, and trip purpose. Possible reasons for the changes in bicycle uses in Chinese cities are explored and policy implications are discussed.     

隧道照明节能控制系统研究

综合考虑交通量、环境亮度、行车速度、地理环境等因素,基于隧道照明设计与控制的"全局优化"理念,采用"多模式、多等级、智能化、个性化"的控制策略,开发了能够根据公路隧道内外亮度、照度、车流量、车流特点等环境变换因素,自动进行反馈调整隧道内部照明的智能照明控制系统。估算比对同一隧道在使用节能智能控制系统前后年总能耗可知,与原有控制方案相比,节能智能控制系统综合节电30%。