边角后方交会与公路路线测设

常规的交会定点方法对交会图形有一定的要求。本文讨论了边角同测的后方交会观测方法、计算原理和点位精度分析，并通过理论和实例验证了该方法的可行性。本文所述方法具有操作简便、选点灵活和不受交会图形限制等优点。     

科尔沁沙地公路生态建设的实践与探讨

通过实践，对内蒙古通辽市科尔沁沙地公路生态建设的具体措施与实施方案及实际效果进行了探讨。     

A robust non-Hertzian contact method for wheel–rail normal contact analysis

A modified Kik–Piotrowski (MKP) model is proposed in this paper for an accurate and robust calculation of wheel–rail normal contact problem. The presented method is able to consider the relationship between the elastic deformation of a line and the normal pressure distribution within the contact patch. A novel shape correction method is put forward to correctly describe the elastic deformation of the contact patch. Taking the results estimated by Kalker’s variational method and Kik–Piotrowski method as references, the proposed method is validated by three contact cases, including the assumed standardised non-Hertzian contact and the two-point contact, as well as the contact behaviours based on three actual wheel–rail profiles. The simulation results indicate that, compared with Kik–Piotrowski method, the proposed MKP method achieves better agreement with Kalker’s variational method. Moreover, the MKP method can avoid the abrupt change of wheel–rail normal force due to the sudden transfer of the contact point, which contributes to a better computational stability.     

基于蒙特卡洛模拟的连续下降运行间隔分析

为了推动我国连续下降运行(CDO)的实施,提出了基于蒙特卡洛模拟的连续下降运行间隔分析方法.基于飞行管理计算机优化航空器四维轨迹的原理,设计了连续下降运行的垂直剖面生成模型,提出了基于反向积分策略与四阶龙格库塔方法的垂直剖面计算方法.考虑风、航空器速度、质量的不确定性对航空器轨迹的影响,利用蒙特卡洛模拟仿真策略,实现管制移交间隔的分析与评估.以广州白云国际机场ATAGA方向进场航班为例实施仿真验证,结果表明,在无管制员与飞行员进行干预的情况下,以现行30km管制移交间隔实施连续下降运行,满足运行安全的要求.起始近进定位点处航空器间隔服从均值为15.1km,方差为1.12的正态分布;间隔大于12公里的概率为99.78%.仿真结果验证了现行管制移交间隔下的连续下降运行是有效的.     

掺锶磷酸钙骨水泥的体外细胞生物学性能评价及其与掺锶量的相关性

目的 评价"SrHPO4/Ca4(PO4)2O/CaHPO4"系掺锶磷灰石骨水泥的生物相容性及其与掺锶量的关系.方法 通过急性全身毒性、热原性、溶血性、体外细胞毒性以及成骨细胞在材料表面的黏附、增殖与表达等实验,检测材料的性能及生物降解潜能.结果 "SrHPO4/Ca4(PO4)2O/CaHPO4"系掺锶磷灰石骨水泥的急性全身毒性、热原性、溶血性、体外细胞毒性均为合格.Sr-CPC的热原性、溶血性以及碱性磷酸酶值与掺锶量呈非线性关系.结论 含锶磷酸钙骨水泥体外细胞生物相容性良好,是安全的新型骨组织工程支架材料.     

南京长江隧道盾构机选型探讨

盾构机选型的正确与否是关系到工程成败的关键问题。结合南京长江隧道工程实例,对盾构机选型的适应性和可靠性等一些关键问题进行分析和探讨,供类似工程和同行参考。     

公路网规划后评价指标体系的构建和优化

首先提出公路网规划后评价指标体系构建的思路,制定指标选取的原则;根据后评价指标选取原则对发展预测子系统、路网发展规模测算子系统、建设实施安排子系统进行指标筛选,得到由42个指标构成的初始指标体系;针对不同层次的公路网规划进行相应的指标选取分析,并以区域公路网规划后评价指标体系构建为例,对初始指标体系进行优化研究,给出指标优化框架设计,通过构造判断矩阵、编程计算对初始指标体系进行优化,经过3轮迭代删除13个次要指标得到由29个指标构成的最终指标体系。     

饲料加硼对摄入过量氟的实验大鼠骨损伤的预防作用

目的探讨饲料加硼对过量氟摄入的大鼠骨损伤的预防作用。方法24只4-5周龄Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠分为:对照组(喂饲基础饲料,饮蒸馏水)、过量氟组[喂饲基础饲料,饮含100mg/LF-(氟化钠221mg/L的蒸馏水)]、硼预防组(喂饲加硼饲料,饮含100mg/LF-的蒸馏水)。实验3月后测量大鼠血清氟、硼含量及血清碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,AKP)活性、骨氟和骨总RNA含量、胫骨纵径横径和干重及骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD),并检测大鼠股骨生物力学特性。结果和对照组比较,过量氟组大鼠血清氟、骨氟含量和血清AKP活性显著增高;骨总RNA含量、全身骨骼平均BMD和胫骨BMD降低;胫骨纵径、横径和干重减小;股骨最大负荷减低,最大形变增加。相比过量氟组,硼预防组大鼠血清氟和骨氟含量及AKP活性明显下降;骨总RNA含量、全身骨骼平均BMD、腰椎和胫骨BMD显著增高;胫骨纵径、横径和干重,股骨最大负荷明显增加。3组大鼠血清硼含量无显著性差异。结论大鼠摄入过量氟可出现明显的骨损伤,饲料加硼对此有一定的预防作用。     

Sensitivity analysis of parameters for multi-stand roll forming using a new booting model

Multi-stand roll forming is a process that has very complicated deformation behaviour and shows significant nonlinearity.In this paper, the sensitivity analysis of parameters for multi-stand roll forming was performed via a new booting finite element method(FEM) model.Compared with the most of simulation, the new model is more consistent with production process and can account for the effects of roll rotating speed.Based on the model, the process of an open section channel formed with 10 passes was simulated and the sensitivity analysis was conducted with orthogonal experiment design combined FEM model.The multi-stand roll forming process can be efficiently analyzed by the new booting model.And sensitivity analysis shows the hardening exponent plays an important role in controlling the quality of the products.     

土工格栅加筋路堤影响因素研究

在野外修筑了4段连为一体的试验路堤,其中3段含土工格栅加筋层,格栅层间距各不相同.用土压力盒测量了每段路堤底部的竖向土压力.在试验研究的基础上建立有限元模型,模型得到了试验数据的验证.用该模型对土工格栅加筋路堤进行了计算分析,探讨了加筋层间距以及路堤土的内摩擦角、粘聚力和弹性模量对加筋路堤沉降和应力分布的影响规律.得到以下主要结论:(1)加筋路堤的表面沉降随格栅层间距的减小而减小,其根本原因是加筋路堤内部的竖向应力随格栅层间距的减小而降低,而水平应力却随之增加;(2)加筋路堤的整体性和竖向变形的均匀性随格栅层间距的减小而提高,这有利于改善路面结构的受力和变形条件,从而延长路面的使用寿命.