一维激波结构的数值分析

建立了一维激波结构模型,对Burnett方程进行简化得到STNM方程,通过在均匀网格上采用二阶空间差分对无量纲化后的STNM方程进行数值计算,得到了激波内部参数变化剖面。以氩气为研究对象对一维激波结构进行数值分析计算。结果表明随着马赫数增大,omage数对于激波结构的影响增大,在相同omage数条件下,马赫数变化对激波内部参数变化的影响显著。     

Assessing the cost of transfer inconvenience in public transport systems: A case study of the London Underground

Few studies have adequately assessed the cost of transfers² in public transport systems, or provided useful guidance on transfer improvements, such as where to invest (which facility), how to invest (which aspect), and how much to invest (quantitative justification of the investment). This paper proposes a new method based on path choice,³ taking into account both the operator’s service supply and the customers’ subjective perceptions to assess transfer cost and to identify ways to reduce it. This method evaluates different transfer components (e.g., transfer walking, waiting, and penalty) with distinct policy solutions and differentiates between transfer stations and movements.The method is applied to one of the largest and most complex public transport systems in the world, the London Underground (LUL), with a focus on 17 major transfer stations and 303 transfer movements. This study confirms that transfers pose a significant cost to LUL, and that cost is distributed unevenly across stations and across platforms at a station. Transfer stations are perceived very differently by passengers in terms of their overall cost and composition. The case study suggests that a better understanding of transfer behavior and improvements to the transfer experience could significantly benefit public transport systems.     

10CrNi3MoV船用钢热冲压成形冷却速度研究

()冲压成形形状精度的主要因素,通过10CrNi3MoV船用钢()考察了10CrNi3MoV船用钢热冲压成形的传热特征,推导出的热()本方程,提出热冲压成形模具冷却系统设计相关技术问题.研究表明,当()临界冷却速度,才能使奥氏体直接转变为均匀马氏体;在模具结构、冷却系统、()确定的情况下,冷却速度只与板材自身条件有关,可以通过控制最佳水流速度实现()速度的控制,达到减少和消除热冲压成形中变形和回弹等缺陷,提高热冲压成形质量.     

BROMMA吊具接近开关支座的改进

我公司目前有10余台岸桥在用BROMMA吊具。在装卸作业过程中,吊具与箱接触,所受冲击很大,且冲击频率很高,加上作业人员追求速度等因素的影响,吊具损伤尤其是20／40英尺伸缩动作故障的问题突出。在吊具各种受冲击的零部件中,接近开关是最薄弱的。这种重要的电子元件通常由塑料的夹具固定在与吊具体刚性连接的支架上,在冲击和震荡发生时,接近开关往往会改变调定的距离,导致故障的发生。     

Control system design and performance evaluation of anti-pitching fins

We have investigated the usefulness of active stabilizing fins to reduce ship pitching under varying forward speeds, and in varying wave lengths. A 4-m self-propelled model ship and an electrohydraulically driven stabilizing fin system were used in our experiment. Pitch angles, pitch rates, and ship forward speeds were measured and fed back to a controller to calculate the deflection angle of the stabilizing fin. The effects of fin nonlinearity on achievable pitch reduction performance are discussed. It is shown that the desired pitch response can only be achieved when the fin is operated in the linear region. The overall dynamic response of the ship approaches open-loop behavior when the degree of nonlinearity is high. This simple analysis of the pitch stablizing system provides basic information to ship designers. Experimental results validate these design guidelines. Received for publication on Feb. 12, 1998; accepted on Dec. 8, 1999     

探讨模拟数学在学术论文搞质量综合评价中的应用

首先提出,目前仍采用三审制,以语言设计院评价学术文稿质量,其结果模糊,缺乏量化、缺乏稿件之间的可比性,还受到评价人人为因素的影响,有失公正性,探讨应用模糊数学方法评价论文稿质量的可行性,介绍同属模糊数学范畴的方法一和方法二的运用过程,并将运用两方法的结果作比较,提出：方法二的基本内容是主因素决定型的数学模型M（∧,∨）,其运用结果仍显模糊,缺乏准确性;方法一简单,实用,结果直观,因为其运用过程中采用了以百分数表达的单因素评价矩阵与几项权重向量的合成运算,运用方法一,可促进编辑部审稿工作的程式化,标准化、自动化。     

兔心房室束及其束支的形态学和组织化学研究

用光镜和组化法研究了兔心房室束及其束支的形态学(20例)和胆碱酯酶活性(10例)。房室束长3.60mm,其中穿通部0.58mm,穿通前部3.02mm;多为三角形,扁圆形等。房室束的起始部由过渡细胞和起搏细胞组成,前部及其束支的细胞为长形,大小有异。右束支为条索状;左束支起始部较短,分支成片状。房室束的穿通部有很大差异,5例较典型,2例位于右侧心内膜和中心纤维体之间,其余不典型。房室束及其束支胆碱酯酶为强阳性,心肌为弱阳性。     

膨胀岩土地层盾构隧道结构力学行为研究

文章在提出膨胀接触压力概念的基础上,采用接触单元对膨胀接触压力和膨胀力的关系进行了研究,得出了膨胀接触压力与膨胀岩土分布、厚度、结构及地层刚度等的关系;同时对膨胀岩土地层中盾构隧道"荷载-结构"模式外荷载及"梁-弹簧"模型的特点进行了分析;并将其分析结果直接应用到成都地铁2号线膨胀岩土地层盾构隧道的结构分析中,得出了盾构隧道在不同膨胀岩土层、膨胀力、埋深和拼装方式条件下的结构内力值,对隧道结构设计起到了指导作用。     

排水沥青混合料比表面积的分形研究

对集料的粒径分布、级配、集料总体积、空隙率、表面积等做出相关分析,给定了集料各特征值的具体求法,建立体积分维DV和表面积分维DS之间的关系,并根据级配曲线的走向,按不同分段方式进行比表面积计算对比。结果表明:不同的分段方式对于排水沥青混合料的比表面积确定有很大的影响,在进行比表面积计算时,应按各筛级进行逐级分段计算。     

Dynamic demand estimation and microscopic traffic simulation of a university campus transportation network

Abstract

This article documents the authors' experience with the modeling, simulation, and analysis of a university transportation system, using the TRansportation ANalysis and SIMulation System (TRANSIMS). The processes of data preparation and network coding are described, followed by the algorithm developed to estimate the dynamic 24-hour demand, which includes a procedure for estimating the ‘desirability’ of the different parking lots from readily available data. The dynamic demand estimation algorithm is validated by comparing estimated and observed parking lot occupancies, where it is shown that the algorithm is capable of replicating observed results. Finally, an example is included to demonstrate how the developed model can be used in campus transportation planning. Besides serving as a first case study for using TRANSIMS to model a university campus, the study's contributions include the development of a procedure for parking lot desirability ranking and a practical procedure for estimating dynamic demand on university campuses.