Analysis of Passive Limited Supporting Force of Curved Shield Tunnel Excavation FaceEI北大核心

Research purposes: In the construction process of curved shield tunnels, the force of excavation face is extremely complex and the stability is difficult to control, so it is very likely that the thrust of the jack will cause uplift of the soil in front because of passive failure. Taking the sand strata as an example, this paper established a combination model of "inverted ladder-wedge prism" to reveal that the soil in front of the excavation face of curved shield tunnels uplifts up because of passive failure based on the silo theory and limit equilibrium method, and deduced the calculation method of passive limited supporting force for curved tunnels. Then, we confirmed the accuracy and reliability of this model and calculation method through programing and simulating. Research conclusions:(1) The passive limited supporting force increases with the increase of buried depth and internal friction angle, and the growth rate gradually increases. (2) When the radius of the line is less than 200 m and the internal friction angle is more than 25 degrees, the passive limited supporting force is very sensitive to the curvature radius, and when the radius is more than 800 m, the passive limited supporting force is almost no difference with straight tunnels. (3) The numerical results indicate that the numerical solution is consistent with the theoretical solution and the difference is quite small. (4) The research results can provide theoretical basis for determining the passive limited supporting force in the constructions of similar curved shield tunnels especially small turn radius shield tunnels. © 2018, Editorial Department of Journal of Railway Engineering Society. All right reserved.     

异步电动机离散空间矢量调制直接转矩控制的扩充和改善

在传统直接转矩控制(DTC)方法中,由于限制了电压源逆变器(VSI)电压矢量的数量,因此不能区别误差的大小.事实上,误差很大时选择的开关矢量与误差很小时选择的开关矢量相同.为了解决这个问题,考虑到离散空间矢量直接转矩控制(DSVM-DTC)技术,提出了实现异步电动机DSVM-DTC技术的新方法.新方法技术简单,改善了转矩和电流脉动性能,使稳态转矩误差最小,DSVM-DTC新方法中标准VSI拓扑的6个非零电压矢量可分成相等的等分,并根据转矩误差量将一个等分的矢量施加到电动机上,与传统DTC方法基本一致.完成的数字仿真和试验验证了这种新技术的有效性.     

NOVEL PHOSPHORYLATION SITES OF EUKARYOTIC INITIATION FACTOR－4E AND EVIDENCE THAT PHOSPHORYLATION STABILIZES INTERACTIONS OF T

ＮＯＶＥＬＰＨＯＳＰＨＯＲＹＬＡＴＩＯＮＳＩＴＥＳＯＦＥＵＫＡＲＹＯＴＩＣＩＮＩＴＩＡＴＩＯＮＦＡＣＴＯＲ－４ＥＡＮＤＥＶＩＤＥＮＣＥＴＨＡＴＰＨＯＳＰＨＯＲＹＬＡＴＩＯＮＳＴＡＢＩＬＩＺＥＳＩＮＴＥＲＡＣＴＩＯＮＳＯＦＴＨＥＰ～２５ＡＮＤＰ～２２０...     

STUDY ON MAXIMUM SPECIFIC SLUDGE ACIVITY OF DIFFERENT ANAEROBIC GRANULAR SLUDGE BY BATCH TESTS

The maximum specific sludge activity of granular sludge from large-scale UASB, IC and Biobed anaerobic reactors were investigated by batch tests. The limitation factors related to maximum specific sludge activity (diffusion, substrate sort, substrate concentration and granular size) were studied. The general principle and procedure for the precise measurement of maximum specific sludge activity were suggested. The potential capacity of loading rate of the IC and Biobed anaerobic reactors were analyzed and compared by use of the batch tests results.     

高尔夫A4型轿车行李箱盖的三维有限元计算与分析

在对高尔夫A4型轿车行李箱盖的使用材料性能进行实验研究的基础上,建立了三维数学模型,利用I－deas工程软件对其有限元计算,计算与实验结果相吻合,并通过对不同应用材料的有限元计算结果的分析,为生产厂家合理选材和正确使用材料提供了较准确的计算前景。     

可提高能量再生效率的锂离子充电电池

近30多年来,再生制动系统已为电动车组降低能耗做出了极大贡献.然而,这种系统还存在许多问题,如再生能被车轮滑行和拖车电压抵消,在高速范围电制动力降低,供电电路阻抗限定了再生功率.为了利用和循环利用制动能,确保稳定的再生荷载,我们选用锂离子电池来储能,开发出锂离子充电电池(600V系统),作为重要的替换方法之一用于电动车组.阐述了使用锂离子充电电池、能量再利用的无接触导线电车,展示了电车性能和电池特性.并表明,开发中的电池在能量和功率密度、效率、500A充电和放电电流、内部电阻和维护等各方面都有极好的性能.     

旅客信息系统的现状与未来

有轨运输的旅客信息系统广泛使用了信息和通信技术.这种系统既用于地面,例如站台上,又用于移动的列车中.技术的不断发展为显示、计算机和通信开辟了新的功能和应用场合.继续发展的这些技术,给旅客信息系统提供了有利于铁路运营部门和旅客的新功能.德国铁路公司的403/406/411和415/605型车辆使用了最现代化的旅客信息系统,文章以该系统为例介绍这种移动应用的技术现状以及由于技术进步提供的新应用情况.     

Numerical determination of flushing time for stratified water bodies

It is often advantageous to model a semi-enclosed estuarine or coastal embayment (e.g. fish farms or tidal inlets, or typhoon shelters) as a separate system within a larger water body connected to the outer sea. The water quality of the system depends crucially on its flushing time—the average time of a particle in the system. The flushing time is governed by the barotropic and baroclinic tidal exchanges between the system and the outer sea. We describe herein a general method to determine systematically the flushing time of a stratified water body via a numerical tracer experiment. Numerical solution of the 3D flow and mass transport equations for many practical problems show that the tracer mass removal process depends on the physical topography and bathymetry, tidal range and the degree of stratification in the outer sea. Field application suggests that the tracer mass variation can be well approximated by a double-exponential decay curve that can be described by three flushing coefficients. Using a simple analytical two-segment model, the flushing coefficients can be given a clear physical interpretation, and the flushing time can be easily determined in terms of the coefficients. The method is illustrated by application to a number of tidal inlets in Hong Kong, in both the dry and wet season. The connection between the numerically determined flushing time and the traditional bulk flushing time obtained from salt-balance methods is established.     

High speed driving stability of passenger car under crosswind effects

The driving stability of a passenger car at high-speed and under crosswind conditions is affected by aerodynamic characteristics as well as their dynamic characteristics, suspension, and weight distribution. In this study, the total measuring system was thought up to understand the transient vehicle dynamics and aerodynamics with driver’s control inputs all together. The test results were taken from a full-scale wind tunnel test, a crosswind generator test and an on-road test. We investigated major aerodynamic parameters that affect the driving stability of passenger cars under crosswind effects such as overtaking, passing each other, natural crosswind, etc. The reaction rate of high-speed stability will be improved when we minimize the total lift, side force and especially the yawing moment.     

Design of automotive headlamp with high-power LEDS

A novel vehicle headlamp low beam system is presented. The optical system is composed of three identical cells to ensure enough illumination. A poly-ellipsoid reflector and a aspherical lens are used to concentrate the rays and a baffle is employed to produce the cut-off line. The optical performance shows a good agreement with the requirement for headlamp in Chinese national standard. The smart constant current driver sustains automotive headlamps?requirements, moreover it has high power efficiency. The performance of three kinds of cooling systems with different structures are simulated and evaluated by FloTHERM software. Then a loop heat pipes combined with fins cooling system is manufactured for cooling the designed LED headlamp. It can greatly improve the cooling efficiency. Even in the 80°C environmental temperature, it can meet the working requirements of LED headlamp low beam system, so it is a kind of feasible cooling scheme.