Modeling heterogeneous risk-taking behavior in route choice: A stochastic dominance approach

This paper proposes a unified approach to modeling heterogonous risk-taking behavior in route choice based on the theory of stochastic dominance (SD). Specifically, the first-, second-, and third-order stochastic dominance (FSD, SSD, TSD) are respectively linked to insatiability, risk-aversion and ruin-aversion within the framework of utility maximization. The paths that may be selected by travelers of different risk-taking preferences can be obtained from the corresponding SD-admissible paths, which can be generated using general dynamic programming. This paper also analyzes the relationship between the SD-based approach and other route choice models that consider risk-taking behavior. These route choice models employ a variety of reliability indexes, which often make the problem of finding optimal paths intractable. We show that the optimal paths with respect to these reliability indexes often belong to one of the three SD-admissible path sets. This finding offers not only an interpretation of risk-taking behavior consistent with the SD theory for these route choice models, but also a unified and computationally viable solution approach through SD-admissible path sets, which are usually small and can be generated without having to enumerate all paths. A generic label-correcting algorithm is proposed to generate FSD-, SSD-, and TSD-admissible paths, and numerical experiments are conducted to test the algorithm and to verify the analytical results.     

大鼠急性脊髓损伤中caspase-1的表达及意义

目的研究半胱氨酸天冬氨酸特异性蛋白酶-1(cysteinyl aspartate specific protease-1,caspase-1)在大鼠急性脊髓损伤后的表达及意义。方法取健康成熟SD大鼠36只,随机分为对照组和损伤组,各18只,每组再分8 h、3 d7、d共3个时间点,每个时间点6只。对照组仅做单纯T8、T9椎板切除术,损伤组则按Nystrom法建立大鼠急性脊髓损伤动物模型。HE染色观察脊髓组织病理学变化,免疫组化测定各时间点caspase-1的表达变化。结果对照组大鼠脊髓组织中少量细胞caspase-1表达阳性。脊髓损伤后8 h时,损伤组caspase-1表达高于对照组,3 d时表达最高,7 d时略有降低,但仍高于对照组。脊髓损伤组各时间点caspase-1表达阳性细胞数较对照组明显升高(P<0.01)。结论大鼠脊髓损伤后caspase-1的表达迅速增强,可能是导致脊髓继发性损伤的因素之一。     

十二烷基磺酸钠对多孔银孔尺寸的细化

通过快淬态Ag32Zn68条带在0.2M硫酸溶液中0.45V (SCE)去合金化制备出纳米多孔银.向硫酸溶液中加入表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠,能够很好地抑制纳米多孔银孔道和孔带的粗化.十二烷基磺酸钠的细化机理为,十二烷基磺酸根离子吸附在合金表面,降低银原子的表面扩散,从而细化多孔银的孔尺寸达到纳米级别.     

电动汽车动力传动系统参数的匹配设计

根据电动汽车动力性能要求,考虑到动力传动系统共振的危害,结合传动系统频率匹配,提出了电动汽车动力传动系统参数匹配计算方法.以某公司电动汽车机电传动系统为例,在ADVISOR软件中建立整车模型,进行循环工况下动力经济性能仿真分析.通过仿真和试验可知,该车动力性和经济性均能满足设计要求且动力传动系统没有共振产生,验证了匹配...     

热压烧结制备无粘结剂碳化钨硬质合金

利用球磨过程细化WC粉体颗粒,采用热压烧结的方法制备了具有较高硬度的无粘结剂WC硬质合金.扫描电镜观察结果表明,球磨后WC粉体颗粒明显变细,经热压烧结后形成组织致密的硬质合金,样品的显微硬度已经达到2294 HV;X-射线分析结果表明,热压烧结过程中,WC没有发生氧化脱碳现象.球磨处理使原始WC粉体颗粒积聚了很高的表面能和较大的畸变能,有利于烧结过程中WC粉末颗粒间冶金结合的形成.     

组合梁斜拉桥索梁锚固区桥面板斜向开裂机理与配筋设计方法

为揭示组合梁斜拉桥在悬拼施工时,索梁锚固区斜向裂缝的开裂机理,从实际受力状态出发,分析了该区域桥面板剪应力和正应力的分布特点,并结合应力莫尔圆理论给出了裂缝成因及其形态特征;基于相关规范及桁架模型,提出了斜向配筋和L形配筋设计的抗裂措施;通过台州湾跨海大桥实例分析,验证了锚固区桥面板的应力分布特点与配筋方法的有效性。研究结果表明:悬拼施工时,锚固区桥面板的面内剪应力主要由拉索索力的竖向分力和水平分力提供,纵、横桥向正应力主要由吊重荷载引起的斜拉桥整体弯矩、拉索索力增加引起的局部负弯矩和局部承压提供;纵桥向正应力的增加是引起索梁锚固区主拉应力变大的主要原因,当主拉应力大于混凝土抗拉强度时,桥面板存在较大的斜向开裂风险;考虑到局部承压的作用,裂缝一般首先出现在索梁锚固点附近的桥面板顶部;当逐渐远离锚固区时,局部负弯矩及局部承压影响减小,桥面板顶板正应力减小,主拉应力减小,裂缝的发展方向与纵桥向夹角逐渐减小,同时,桥面板底板正应力由压应力变成拉应力,主拉应力增大,裂缝产生贯通的可能性增大;基于混凝土板斜向开裂的桁架模型,对索梁锚固区配置L形抗裂钢筋,顶板最大主拉应力降低了1.26 MPa,其中,纵桥向正应力最大可减小0.91 MPa,面内剪应力可减小0.50 MPa,即配置抗裂钢筋能够达到一定的抗弯和抗剪的效果。      

船厂安全管控平台的设计与实现

针对船厂安全管理,开发船厂安全管控平台。设计平台总体架构,论述平台主要功能,并进行应用展示。经船厂实际验证,该平台可满足船厂安全管理的业务需求,达到掌控船厂安全生产状况的效果,有效提高船厂安全管理水平。     

A programmable calculation procedure for number of traffic conflict points at highway intersections

Traffic movement conflict points at intersections are the points at which traffic movements intersect (including crossing, merging, and diverging). Numbers and distribution of different types of conflict points are used to evaluate intersection access management designs and safety performance. Traditionally, the determination of the numbers of conflict points for different traffic movements is based on manual methods, which causes the difficulty for computerized procedures to evaluate safety performance of different access management designs. Sometimes, a programmable calculation procedure may provide more effective solutions as compared with manual methods. This paper presents a programmable calculation procedure for the determination of the numbers of conflict points, which could be used as a basis for a computerized procedure. Concepts of virtual movement lanes and intersection quadrants are introduced to specify types of intersections, traffic lane configurations, and traffic movement regulations. Calculation models, based on such concepts, for traffic movement conflict points at signalized and unsignalized intersections can be obtained. In support of the procedure, case studies are presented in the paper. The procedure presented in the paper can be programmed into a computer program for the purpose of a computerized evaluation of intersection safety and design performance of different access management or control approaches. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种77～373K磁致伸缩测量装置的研制

设计了一种77～373K温度区间测量磁致伸缩的装置。采用多晶Ni对该装置进行了标定，结果与献发表的数据相符，并利用该装置测试了多晶Ni2.1Mn0.9Ca0.9C0.05Heusler合金磁致伸缩的结果。     

专刊致词

尊敬的读者: 在庆祝北京铁路信号工厂(以下简称北信厂)建厂50周年之际,<铁道通信信号>编辑部与北信厂联合向您呈上<铁道通信信号--北京铁路信号工厂专刊>.专刊收编了北信厂在客运专线建设、列控系统设备产业化技术设计、生产制造、国产化实施、现场服务、质量管理、信息化建设等方面的相关文章,以飨同行与读者.