基于粒子群优化的高速公路网集成优化控制模型(英文)

应用非线性最优控制方法,研究了高速公路网的匝道控制和路径诱导的集成问题,构造了集成控制的最优控制模型.在模型中,以路网总耗时最小为优化目标,以METANET模型为网络交通流模型,考虑了控制变量的更新周期约束,采用粒子群优化技术求解优化模型.仿真结果表明:无控制时,路网总耗时为3 376 veh·h;仅实施匝道控制时,路网总耗时为3 005 veh·h;仅实施路径诱导时,路网总耗时为2 768 veh·h;集成控制时,路网总耗时为2 464 veh·h.可见,集成控制效果最优.     

Dynamics and interactions between spot and forward freights in the dry bulk shipping market

Analyzing the interactions between spot and forward freight agreement (FFA) prices in the dry bulk shipping is important as they play a significant role for shipping companies to secure their profits and avoid potential risks in the volatile market. By applying the vector autoregression (VAR) and the vector error correction model (VECM), this paper identifies the long-run and mutual causal relationship between the spot and FFA prices on the BPI T/C and BCI C7 routes. Along with these cointegrating rates, exogenous factors such as the market demand and supply and some economic indices are also recognized as contributing variables for the dynamic movement of the spot and FFA prices. Importantly, the mean-reverting process is justified on both routes with different mechanisms. When the spot and FFA prices deviate from their equilibrium level in the short run, they will be adjusted to their long-run equilibrium more directly and clearly on the BPI T/C route than those on the BCI C7 route. It also indicates that this adjusting power has direction and size asymmetries on both routes. In addition, the impulse analysis indicates that the spot rate is more volatile than its corresponding FFA prices confronting innovations. The results of this study provide a reference to the participants in the dry bulk shipping market on the causes of fluctuation in spot and FFA prices and their interactions, which can be used to promote the risk management in the market.     

基于预防为主的舰船修理质量设计

通过进行质量管理总体方案设计、技术攻关方法和流程设计、文件质量保证方法设计、修理过程质量管控流程设计、修后质量验证方法设计等,成功构建了基于预防为主的舰船修理质量体系,取得了广义质量观应有的高质量低成本高效益成效,实现了广义质量观所要求的“质量是设计出来的”。     

网络流量随机条件下的随机交通网络平衡分析

考虑到现实条件下交通网络的不确定性状态,提出了从确定型网络到不确定型网络状态下,出行者路径选择行为的改变,即由出行时间最短的路径选择行为转变为在追求一定行程时间可靠性的基础上选择出行时间最短的路径选择行为.考虑到网络上交通需求量的不确定性提出了最优可靠行程时间的概念.在此基础上将出行者追求最优可靠行程时间的路径选择行为纳入到随机交通网络平衡分配模型中,证明了模型的等价性和唯一性.最后在一个小型测试网络上对模型分配结果进行了测试,测试结果符合实际情况,表明模型能够较好地反映出行者的路径选择行为.     

某suv车型行驶跑偏问题的优化分析

行驶跑偏是指车辆在行驶过程中偏离了原来直线驾驶的状态,不仅会影响车辆的操纵稳定性和转向性能,更可能会危及乘客的人身安全。某SUV车型从设计到生产导入阶段,进行小批量投产时,出现大量车辆向左行驶跑偏现象,合格率约为60%。经过鱼骨图排查法的人、机、料、法、环等几个方面分析,列举出15种可能造成车辆行驶跑偏的因素。经过逐一排查,发现该SUV车型存在前副车架的控制臂安装支架尺寸超差,白车身的前、后副车架安装点尺寸控制不合理,前后悬模块装配一致性差及测试道路不规范等主要问题,以上四种问题造成的偏差趋势与实际该SUV车辆向左行驶跑偏现象相符,因此需要对以上问题进行优化及改进。文章是在这个背景下,针对该SUV车型的向左行驶跑偏现象,通过对问题零部件进行交叉试验,三坐标尺寸测量以及生产线生产过程一致性的逐一排查,逐一分析了四种问题发生的根本原因,并由此提出了优化改进方案,通过对比方案实施前后的实测数据,验证优化改进方案是否可行。优化后实测行驶跑偏量,符合企业行驶跑偏判定标准,行驶跑偏现象消失并保证了该SUV车型的正式量产时间。     

舰船主变流机组测试性需求分析

针对舰船主变流机组时常出现火花偏大、功率不足等问题,对舰船主变流机组进行测试性研究。测试性需求分析作为测试性设计的首要步骤,在整个测试性设计工程中起到至关重要的作用,很大程度上决定了测试性设计的成败。本文在总结前人研究成果的基础上,首先介绍了舰船主变流机组的总体功能结构;其次,根据《装备测试性大纲》,对舰船主变流机组进行测试性层次划分;然后,采用基于故障率的测试性分配方法,将系统测试性指标分配至现场可更换单元(LRU)层级,用于指导各现场可更换单元(LRU)的测试性设计,为后续机组测试性的深入研究奠定基础,也为测试性从业人员提供一定的参考。     

Prediction of hourly air pollutant concentrations near urban arterials using artificial neural network approach

This paper applies artificial neural network to predict hourly air pollutant concentrations near an arterial in Guangzhou, China. Factors that influence pollutant concentrations are classified into four categories: traffic-related, background concentration, meteorological and geographical. The hourly averages of these influential factors and concentrations of carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, particular matter and ozone were measured at three selected sites near the arterial using vehicular automatic monitoring equipments. Models based on back-propagation neural network were trained, validated and tested using the collected data. It is demonstrated that the models are able to produce accurate prediction of hourly concentrations of the pollutants respectively more than 10 h in advance. A comparison study shows that the neural network models outperform multiple linear regression models and the California line source dispersion model.     

张江创新园超限高层两种计算的比较

张江创新园三幢高层均有不规则超限情况。针对超限高层在设计中的计算问题探讨。通过计算分析和两种计算结果比较,尽力消除结构设计隐患,提高结构抗震安全性。     

复杂地形环境中电磁波多径传输建模与仿真

分析各种环境效应的产生原理及其计算方法,在此基础上设计一个通用的雷达及雷达对抗电磁波多径传输仿真系统,用于仿真各种环境效应引起的雷达及雷达对抗电磁波的衰减,该仿真系统具有良好的人机交互界面,通过不同的仿真设置可以满足不同的试验需求,从而可以更灵活地支持雷达及雷达对抗仿真试验。     

舰载光电跟踪系统软件优化研究

为了解决与战场环境相适应的红外目标警戒与跟踪问题,在介绍传统的目标检测与跟踪算法基础上,分析了先检测后跟踪算法（DBT）与先跟踪后检测算法（TBD）的优缺点,并结合海空背景下运动目标红外成像特点,提出了一个研究方向—边检测边跟踪算法模型。该模型通过对序列图像中相邻帧间进行匹配,完成一个基本的检测与跟踪过程,与输入单帧图像同步输出目标运动轨迹,适用于舰载光电跟踪仪的软件优化升级,具有较高可靠性、实时性和军事应用价值。