Structural Optimization of Hatch Cover Based on Bi-directional Evolutionary Structure Optimization and Surrogate Model Method

Weight reduction has attracted much attention among ship designers and ship owners. In the present work, based on an improved bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method and surrogate model method, we propose a hybrid optimization method for the structural design optimization of beam-plate structures, which covers three optimization levels: dimension optimization, topology optimization and section optimization. The objective of the proposed optimization method is to minimize the weight of design object under a group of constraints. The kernel optimization procedure (KOP) uses BESO to obtain the optimal topology from a ground structure. To deal with beam-plate structures, the traditional BESO method is improved by using cubic box as the unit cell instead of solid unit to construct periodic lattice structure. In the first optimization level, a series of ground structures are generated based on different dimensional parameter combinations, the KOP is performed to all the ground structures, the response surface model of optimal objective values and dimension parameters is created, and then the optimal dimension parameters can be obtained. In the second optimization level, the optimal topology is obtained by using the KOP according to the optimal dimension parameters. In the third optimization level, response surface method (RSM) is used to determine the section parameters. The proposed method is applied to a hatch cover structure design. The locations and shapes of all the structural members are determined from an oversized ground structure. The results show that the proposed method leads to a greater weight saving, compared with the original design and genetic algorithm (GA) based optimization results.     

Product Quality Evaluation Method Based on Product Gene Theory

Traditional quality inspection based product quality evaluation method with complex process has high operating cost and requires more professional knowledge. To remove the above limitation, this paper leads product gene theory into product quality evaluation. Methods of quality influencing factors based modeling and encoding are established. Combined with similarity theory and product gene theory, a product gene similarity analysis based quality evaluation method is proposed. The proposed method is low cost, operates easily and requires less specialized knowledge. A case study is conducted to prove the correctness and feasibility of this method.     

面向驾驶员的城市出租汽车服务站调查——以广西壮族自治区柳州市为例

城市出租汽车服务站普遍存在建设无序与低效的情况,需进行合理布局规划。以广西壮族自治区柳州市为例,对出租汽车驾驶员进行问卷调查。分析出租汽车驾驶员特征、驾驶员对服务站功能的选择意向,并采用分形理论分析服务站选址分布与城市空间形态的关系。结果显示:出租汽车服务站的服务功能应以解决驾驶员停车、休息、就餐、如厕等基本需求为主;驾驶员年龄因素对服务功能选择有较为明显的影响;服务站的规划建设应密切依托城市空间形态及城市道路网、人口、用地等城市构成要素分布。通过将出租汽车微观数据与城市宏观形态相结合,为城市出租汽车服务站规划与评价提供新的视角。     

汽车驾驶员前方视野测量及评价

介绍了汽车驾驶员前方视野检测中的主要环节,对测量中易于出现的问题进行了分析,给出了相应的解决方案.针对驾驶员前方视野测试程序、三角窗问题的界定、双目障碍角的判断及我国的人体特点等进行了阐述,指出了进口汽车对于我国消费者人群存在的安全隐患.     

汽车推力杆的相位摩擦焊接工艺研究

介绍了相位摩擦焊的焊接原理、焊接工艺和焊接过程,采用相位摩擦焊接工艺试制了汽车推力杆,并进行了焊接性能试验。试验表明,采用相位摩擦焊接工艺生产的推力杆,其各项性能均达到产品技术要求,相位摩擦焊接工艺具有生产效率高、焊接性能稳定、产品质量一致性好、制造成本低等特点。     

基于加权TOPSIS法的HIR技术应用综合效用评价

以重庆高速公路沥青路面就地热再生试验工程为依托,对就地热再生技术运用的综合效用,从技术、经济、环境三个方面进行了分析和试验性论证.结果证明:在合理的养护时机采用就地热再生技术可以有效改善路面性能,并降低养护成本,具有良好的经济与社会效益.     

汽车线束3D仿真布线设计与技巧

简述汽车线束的3种布局方式,汽车研发设计初期3D仿真布线设计技巧及汽车线束3D布线设计过程中的要点、注意事项等.     

汽车制动工况下车内时变噪声响度特征

汽车车内噪声对驾驶员和乘员的舒适性有重要影响,因此研究基于人耳的汽车制动工况下车内时变噪声响度特征具有重要意义。对Moore时变响度模型的计算方法进行了详细研究,在Matlab中建立其模型并验证了模型的正确性。然后建立了汽车制动工况下车内噪声测试系统,获得了某款混合动力城市客车制动工况下乘员耳旁降噪前、后的噪声,并以此噪声为研究对象,对比分析传统时频方法、Zwicker和Moore特征响度分析方法的异同点。结果表明,特征响度比时频分析方法更能准确反映影响人响度感受的车内噪声来源;短期响度能够反映人的响度感觉,但最大值并不能全面反映汽车车内噪声的响度特征;Moore响度模型比Zwicker响度模型频率分辨率更高且能量分布更为集中。     

浅析编制城市道路造价的影响因素

城市道路的多功能,以及赋予道路更多的内涵与品位,通过新技术、新材料的应用可以给道路使用者以舒适、安全、便捷和亲切的社会环境。但同时城市道路的建设造价也随之增加,在城市道路建设中,切实执行有效的控制工程造价,才能将市政道路工程成本控制在合理的范围内,谋求高性价比,实现可观的经济效益。结合多年的实践经验,针对影响市政道路工程造价的诸多因素与同行共同探讨。     

青岛即墨青威路地下泵站设计的分析

青岛即墨青威路地埋式污水提升设施及管道工程对于完善龙泉河流域污水排放系统具有重要的意义。该文详细分析了该工程地下泵站的平面布置、防水、除臭、通风,以及工艺流程的设计思路与要点。