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461.
Hyunsoo Kim Jaehwan Yang Kang-Dae Lee 《Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment》2009,14(5):291-299
This paper presents a vehicle routing approach for the transport of end-of-life consumer electronic goods for recycling in South Korea. The objective is to minimize the distance of transportation of end-of-life goods collected by local authorities and major manufacturers’ distribution centers to four regional recycling centers located. A vehicle routing problem is constructed for each regional center, and a Tabu search is applied to solve it. Computational results using field data show that the method outperforms existing approaches to reverse logistics. 相似文献
462.
This paper presents a new controller design method based on a data-mining polynomial algorithm. We show application of a polynomial
data-mining algorithm, where an input-state linearized polynomial vehicle model is developed for very low speed operation
and, without introducing any processes with fudge factors, control inputs of a nonlinear system are obtained in the original
coordinates. We verify the developed modeling method and controller design method through numerical experiments. 相似文献
463.
This paper presents a space vector current controller for a brushless permanent magnet motor in electric and hybrid electric
vehicles. The proposed current controller selects space vectors based on the sector selection under a three-level hysteresis
comparator to decrease the current ripple. The proposed approach can improve the performance of a brushless PM drive such
as the average switching frequency and the total harmonic distortion (THD) compared with the conventional hysteresis current
control. The experiment is performed first to verify the proposed control. Then, the method is implemented in a hybrid electric
vehicle simulation model with standard driving cycles based on the control strategy to evaluate the drive performance in the
vehicle system. The experimental and simulation results indicate that the presented control can improve the performance of
the brushless PM machine drive. 相似文献
464.
This paper presents a fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) method to enhance the reliability and safety for longitudinal control
of an autonomous all-terrain vehicle (ATV). An integrated approach using decentralized and centralized FDD is proposed to
optimize the tradeoff between sensitivity and robustness. While the decentralized approach is suitable for detecting faults
in actuators and sensors directly connected to a single processor, it is sensitive to noises and disturbances and thus may
result in false alarms. On the other hand, the centralized approach is based on information communicated between multiple
processors, and it detects and diagnoses faults through analyzing concurrent computations of multiple hardware modules. However,
its performance is still limited to isolating faults specifically in terms of components in the single hardware. To incorporate
the advantages of both FDD approaches, a two-layered structure integrating both decentralized and centralized FDD is proposed
and allows us to perform more robust fault detection as well as more detailed fault isolation. Finally, the proposed method
is validated experimentally via field tests of an ATV. 相似文献
465.
U. B. Azimov K. S. Kim D. S. Jeong Y. G. Lee 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2009,10(3):265-276
The concept of Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) has been advancing rapidly because it may reduce emissions of NOx and soot
simultaneously. Various LTC regimes that yield specific emissions have been investigated by a great number of experiments.
To accelerate the evaluation of the spray combustion characteristics of LTC, to identify the soot formation threshold in LTC,
and to implement the LTC concept in real diesel engines, LTC is modeled and simulated. However, since the physics of LTC is
rather complex, it has been a challenge to precisely compute LTC regimes by applying the available diesel combustion models
and considering all spatial and temporal characteristics as well as local properties of LTC. In this paper, LTC regimes in
a constant-volume chamber with n-Heptane fuel were simulated using the ECFM3Z model implemented in a commercial STAR-CD code.
The simulations were performed for different ambient gas O2 concentrations, ambient gas temperatures and injection pressures. The simulation results showed very good agreement with
available experimental data, including similar trends in autoignition and flame evolution. In the selected range of ambient
temperatures and O2 concentrations, soot and NOx emissions were simultaneously reduced. 相似文献
466.
FMECA (Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality Analysis) is a procedure used to identify potential failure modes, determine
causes and effects of failure modes and mitigate or remove its effects on system functional performance. For the last several
decades, FMECA has been widely used in industry, and specialized versions of FMEA have been developed for several industrial
sectors. For instance, MIL-1629a, SAE-J1739 and IEC-60812 have been mainly used in the military, automotive and electronics
industries, respectively. However, there is no specialized FMECA method for the railroad industry yet, despite a need for
highly reliable systems. Thus, in this study three specifications, MIL-1629a, SAE-J1739 and IEC-60812, were analyzed and compared
with one another, and characteristics and requirements of railroad systems were summarized. Then a specialized FMECA procedure
for railroad systems was proposed based on the processes documented in the specifications, characteristics and requirements
of railroad systems. Finally, the procedure was applied to a railroad system in order to validate its applicability. 相似文献
467.
B. Kim Y. Kim D. M. Chun S. H. Ahn J. D. Jang 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2009,10(1):73-77
Improving the durability of an automotive V-belt pulley, which is commonly used in an automotive powertrain to transfer power
to other parts, is discussed. Fatigue life of the original V-belt pulley is predicted based on damage analysis by finite element
analysis (FEA). Stress history of the pulley during operation was found by performing consecutive static analyses on the pulley
as the pulley rotates. Assembly load (due to the tightening of the bolts) and operation load were considered to describe the
actual load conditions in a durability test. The contact condition from the belt was calculated and applied to the surface
of the pulley. Static analyses at 36 different positions of the pulley, every ten degrees of rotation, were performed to determine
the stress history of the pulley during operation. Using stress history data calculated from FE analysis, damage over one
rotation of the pulley was calculated and fatigue life, in number of rotations to failure, was estimated. An improvement to
the durability of the pulley was investigated by modifying the design of the pulley using FE analysis results. Durability
tests for the pulleys used in the analysis were carried out to verify the analytical results. Comparison between analysis
and experimental results showed that analytical results correlated with the experimental results closely. 相似文献
468.
The vibrational characteristics of automotives during idling were studied experimentally by considering the axial forces of
the drive shaft and the spider positions in a constant-velocity joint. The generated forces, such as PF (plunging force) and
GAF (generated axial force) in the assembly of the drive-shaft module, were measured directly by an experimental apparatus.
Measurements of the GAF and PF did not show the same trends as the joint angles. They depended instead on the types of CV
joints. In addition, the relationship between the offset values of the shaft and the spider positions in the tulip of the
constant-velocity joint were studied. As a result, the idle vibration characteristics were affected by the variation of the
spider positions and the vibrational characteristics in the axial direction of the shaft, including the amplitude and the
harmonic periods. 相似文献
469.
Partial range scaling method based washout algorithm for a vehicle driving simulator and its evaluation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
M. S. Kim Y. G. Moon G. D. Kim M. C. Lee 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2010,11(2):269-275
Unlike an actual vehicle, a vehicle driving simulator (VDS) has limited kinematics, workspace, and bounded dynamic characteristics
making it very difficult to simulate dynamic motions of an actual vehicle. To solve these problems, a washout algorithm was
developed. The developed algorithm restricts the workspace of the VDS to within the kinematic limit and makes the person driving
the VDS perceive movement of an actual vehicle. However, the classic washout algorithm contains several problems, such as
time delay and the generation of a wrong motion signal caused by characteristics of the filters. So the driver feels “simulator
sickness,” such as fatigue, nausea, headache and so on because of differences between the sense of movement of the VDS and
that of a real vehicle. In this paper, a partial range scaling method based washout algorithm, including a tilt coordination
system, is developed to enhance the perception of motion and reduce simulator sickness. It is verified by a simulation, a
survey, and a bio signal analysis using an electrocardiogram (ECG). 相似文献
470.
S. I. Kim G. H. Lee J. J. Lee J. P. Hong 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2010,11(2):277-282
In this paper, a simple design method for improving the performance of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM),
for driving the air-conditioning compressor used in hybrid electric vehicles, is presented. There are many design methods
that optimize the IPMSM. Each method deals with a variety of design factors, such as slot opening, pole arc, and rotor shape.
However, as the number of design variables increases, a lot of modeling and analysis time is needed in order to improve the
characteristics of an IPMSM. This paper demonstrates that the optimization of a double-layer IPMSM, satisfying the given design
conditions, is possible with only a flux barrier shape design. Then, response surface methodology is applied as the optimization
method, and the validity of the design approach is verified by comparison with test results. 相似文献