Air pollution history elucidated from anthropogenic spherules and their magnetic signatures in marine sediments offshore of Southwestern Taiwan

Kaohsiung City and its neighborhood in the southwestern coastal plain of Taiwan have suffered serious air pollution since the region became the largest center for heavy-industry on the island. In order to unravel the air pollution history of the region, four ²¹⁰Pb- and ¹³⁷Cs-dated sediment box cores recovered in 2006 from offshore of this area were chosen for magnetic and petrographic analyses. The data were used to distinguish changes in concentration, composition and grain size of magnetic particles in the sediments due to inputs of anthropogenic magnetic spherules. Sedimentation rates have been reasonably constant for the last one hundred years, except at the core tops which were affected by a turbidite layer induced by a typhoon in 2005. Down-core profiles of mass-specific magnetic susceptibility (χ) and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) are similar among the cores, and reflect similar trends to magnetic spherule counts. This reveals that χ and SIRM of modern marine sediments can be used as air pollution indicators for nearby industrialized upwind areas. The studied record indicates that industrialization of the area was gradual during 1950–1980 and boomed afterward, resulting in a high production of airborne magnetic spherules, which is consistent with evidence for poor air quality at that time. Optical and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) surveys of magnetic extracts indicate that the magnetic spherules have grain sizes ranging from a few micrometers up to 50 μm and consist mainly of iron oxides with variable Si, Al, and Ca contents. X-ray diffraction analysis on magnetic extracts from different depths in the cores further indicates that magnetite and pyrrhotite, which are derived from terrigenous detritus, form the magnetic constituents of the sediments before the area was industrialized. In contrast, during the industrial boom, anthropogenic magnetite and hematite spherules became the dominant magnetic particles in the sediments. Down-core profiles of hard isothermal remanent magnetization (HIRM) below the turbidite layer also reveal similar trends to the corresponding magnetic spherule counts, which indicate that the concentration of hematite in the sediments is also closely related to the extent of air pollution. In addition, relatively low values of χ_ARM/χ, which are indicative of coarse magnetic grains, started to occur when large magnetite spherules became significant during the industrialized period. The air pollution history elucidated from our sediment core data not only reflects the development of Kaohsiung from a small village to a highly industrialized metropolitan area in the 20th century, but it is also consistent with the most recent air pollution trends revealed by real time air quality measurements of PM₁₀. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of magnetic parameters for delineating the air pollution history of coastal marine sediments down-wind of nearby industrialized regions.     

Analysis of velocity fluctuations and their intermittency properties in the surf zone using empirical mode decomposition

We consider here surf zone turbulence measurements, recorded in the Eastern English Channel using a sonic anemometer. In order to characterize the intermittent properties of their fluctuations at many time scales, we analyze the experimental time series using the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) method. The series is decomposed into a sum of modes, each one narrow-banded, and we show that some modes are associated with the energy containing wave breaking scales, and other modes are associated with small-scale intermittent fluctuations. We use the EMD approach in association with a newly developed method based on Hilbert spectral analysis, representing the probability density function in an amplitude–frequency space. We then characterize the fluctuations in a stochastic framework using a cumulant generating function for all scales, and compare the results obtained from direct and classical structure function analysis, to EMD–Hilbert spectral analysis results, showing that the former method saturates at large scales, whereas the latter method is more precise in its scale approach. These results show the strength of the new EMD–Hilbert spectral analysis method for data presenting a strong forcing such as found in shallow water, wave dominated situations.     

基于多层动网格技术的流固耦合方法研究

从弱耦合的角度出发,对某型跨声速风扇叶片做了第一阶扭转振动模态下的流固耦合验证计算,采用三维线性插值方法,通过商用软件ANSYS和CFX实现了计算结构动力学和计算流体力学之间的数据交换,从而使固体域与流体域顺序祸合.应用多层动网格技术解决了固体域模型在流场中运动受到流体网格尺寸制约的问题.计算结果表明,模拟结果可以预估叶轮系统的模态气动阻尼系数,具有工程参考价值.     

浅水铺管船自动喷水灭火系统设计

就浅水铺管船自动喷淋水灭火系统的工作原理、系统的分区、喷头的布置等作简要介绍;同时对喷淋系统主要设备参数进行计算,为设备选型提供依据。     

重箱堆场地下管网施工

重箱堆场作为集装箱码头后方的存储腹地,对集装箱的储运起着十分重要的作用。文章表明,在重箱堆场施工过程中,对地下管网施工,如何选择有效的施工方法,安排控制好相关工序的衔接,是保证重箱堆场工程有条不紊进行,确保施工进度与质量的重中之重。     

舰船电力系统自适应电流保护网络拓扑分析

舰船电力系统自适应电流保护是根据电网的运行方式、网络结构和故障类型等来实时改变保护定值或保护性能,使保护最优化。网络拓扑结构的变化可以通过检测开关、断路器等的开断和闭合情况以及线路电流、电压的变化来确定,它是进行保护分析的基础。本文简单介绍了舰船电力系统保护研究的现状,阐述了引入舰船电力系统自适应电流保护的重要性,并主要论述了如何通过节支关联矩阵来对网络结构变化进行跟踪。     

永磁无刷直流电机霍尔位置传感器的安装

永磁无刷直流电机在各行各业的应用越来越广泛。在永磁无刷直流电机中,霍尔位置传感器经常用来测量电机的转子位置和转速。转子位置传感器的安装精度直接关系到永磁无刷直流电机的运行,因此如何安装传感器是非常重要的。本文结合作者多年从事无刷直流电机开发的经验,提出了简便易行的霍尔位置传感器安装方法。     

基于Linpack的高性能计算机集群的并行性能测试

基于计算机集群的高性能并行计算,已成为广大工程与科学计算的有效手段。本文以DELLHPCC高性能计算机集群为硬件平台,以Linpack为并行性能测试软件,测试了不同计算机节点数或处理器数、最高Gflops值的矩阵规模N、求解矩阵的分块大小NB、处理器网格中水平方向处理器个数P、处理器网格中垂直方向处理器个数Q的并行性能。通过测试和分析来研究高性能计算机集群的并行性能及其优化策略。     

盾构施工筹划原则及影响因素分析

以北京地铁4号线11合同段(灵境胡同-新街口)四站三区间的盾构施工筹划为例,重点分析影响盾构施工筹划的因素;以方案比较的方法,介绍了确定三区间总体筹划方案的详细过程.     

简析地铁安全门驱动控制器的控制构架

针对地铁安全门驱动控制器,提出了一种电机控制软件构架。该构架以嵌入式操作系统为基础调度各控制任务,将控制任务分为高优先级任务和低优先级任务。在该控制构架基础上,完成了地铁安全门驱动控制器的软件系统,并在样机上进行了应用测试。试验表明,该电机控制软件构架运行稳定,能有序地调度各控制任务,并具有良好的复用性和扩展性。以该构架为基础开发的驱动控制系统控制精度高,动态响应好,能够满足现场应用的需求。