使用防冻液应注意什么

目前广为采用的防冻液是乙二醇型.乙二醇(HOCH2-CH2OH)俗称甘醇,能与水成各种比例混合,有比较明显的降低冰点作用.     

高速公路拓宽施工中有关技术问题的探讨

随着公路建设的发展和交通流量的剧增，如何对早期建设的高速公路进行拓宽改造是我们将面临的新课题。本文结合沪杭甬高速公路拓宽工程中遇到的施工实际问题，讨论了在高速公路拓宽工程施工中的一些做法和心得体会，以期能为今后高速公路拓宽提供借鉴。     

GPS导航与定位的差分理论及有效性

差分理论是ＧＰＳ导航与定位中的一个重要理论。文中首先分析了ＧＰＳ的基本观测值，在此差分模型进行了理论上的概括与统一，并分析了其不同的作用效果。最后 要了各类差分模型的等价性关系。     

交际策略的理论研究及其教学方法

本从理论和实践两个方面对交际策略进行了较为全面的论述。首先阐述了交际能力和策略能力的关系，比较了交际策略和学习策略的区别。然后介绍了交际策略的十种定义，并指出是如何从不同的角度加以定义的。接着评析了交际策略的三种较有代表性的模式和各种模式的优缺点。最后在此基础上，从宏观和微观两方面对交际策略的教授提出了相应的建议。     

Punching Shear Behavior of RC Slab-Column Connections with Nonrectangular Columns

This paper present an experimental study on the RC slab-colunm connections with nonrectangular colunms, namely cross-shaped column, T-shaped column and L-shaped column. The punching shear deformation and strength characteristics of slab-column connections with nonrectangular columns under punching shear load are investigated. Nine specimens with the three kinds of nonrectangular columns and two reference specimens with square columns are tested. The tested ultimate loads, deformations, and failur emodes of specimens are presented and discussed. Test results reveal that the punching shear strength and ductility of the connections with nonrectangular columns are higher than those of the corresponding connections with square columns, and also prove that the application of nonrectangular columns to flat-plate structure was feasible. Based on the test results, one method of calculating punching shear strength of connections with nonrectangular columns is proposed, which conforms with the current design practice of China. The test results on the punching shear strength are compared with the predictions of the formulas proposed by codes of several different countrie; and the predictions given by ACI code and China code are found to be conservative as the reinforcement ratio is increased.     

INFLUENCE OF CHITOSAN ON CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN EXERCISING MICE

Chitosan ,thealkalescencemacromoleculepoly mercontainingamidocyanogen ,canbeabsorbedbyhumanbodyandthebasicunitwasglucoseamine .Bothinternationalanddomesticstudiesdemonstratethatchitosancanpreventcellsfromoxygenationanditalsocaneliminatevarietiesoffreeradicalandre moveaciditymetabolismsubstanceseffectively[1,2 ] .However,therewasnoreportaboutwhetherchi tosanhadeffectonglucosemetabolisminthepro cessofexercising .Thisarticlemainlydiscusshowtoimproveeffectofchitosanonlucosemetabolismdisorderowingt…     

智能交通系统的体系结构浅析

本文概述了ITS的研究与开发背景,对ITS的体系结构作了详细探讨,在分析了美国、日本和欧盟的体系结构之后,对ITS体系结构的开发方法作了简单介绍.最后,在参阅大量资料的基础上提出了我国ITS体系结构研究中存在的问题.     

物流企业应用作业成本法的模型与层面

按照作业成本法的基本原理,推导出物流企业实施作业成本法的具体流程,以及基于作业的以物流服务项目为成本对象的成本计算模型,再以实际案例说明其过程,并论述了作业成本法在支持物流企业的客户管理、定价决策、业务流程再造和成本控制等方面的作用.     

Catalytic Combustion of Lean Methane Assisted by Electric Field over Pd/Co<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> Catalysts at Low Temperature

A series of Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts were prepared by Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (SHS) method in this study, and electric field was applied for catalytic combustion of lean methane over Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts at low temperature. When electric field was applied, the catalytic combustion performance of Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts was greatly improved, and the application of electric field could reduce the load of active element Pd to some extent while maintaining the same efficiency. Based on experimental tests and the analysis results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), H₂-temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) and in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in-situ DRIFTS), the mechanism of catalytic oxidation of CH₄ over Pd/Co₃O₄ catalysts in electric field was proposed. The catalytic combustion of CH₄ occurs only when the temperature is higher than 250 °C normally, but when electric field was applied, the whole process of CH₄ oxidation was promoted significantly and the reaction temperature was reduced. Electric field could promote the reduction of the support Co₃O₄ to release the lattice oxygen, resulting in the increase of PdO_x and the surface chemisorbed oxygen, which could provide more active sites for the low-temperature oxidation of CH₄. Furthermore, electric field could accelerate the dehydroxylation of CoOOH to further enhance the activity of the catalysts.     

AN ASYMPTOTIC ANALYSIS METHOD FOR THE LINEAR SHELL

In this paper, using the formal approach of asymptotic expansion for linear elastic shell we can get each term uk successively. According this method the leading term u0 will be identified by an elliptic boundary value problem, other terms will be obtained by the algebraic operations without solving partial differential equations. We give the variational formulation for the leading term U(x) and construct an approximate solution U^KT(x,ξ):= U(x) Ⅱ1Uξ Ⅱ2Uξ,then we give the estimation.